Ulimo, amadama, kunye nokuchitheka kwamanzi kwezolimo zizinto ezisongela kakhulu ulwahlulo-ntlobo lwezityalo nezilwanyana zamanzi acocekileyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseMcGill, iYurophu kunye noMntla-ntshona Afrika zezona ndawo zichaphazeleka kakhulu. Ezi ziphumo zipapashwe kwi-"Science" (DOI: 10.1126/science.aeb7910).
Abaphandi basebenzise indlela yokumapha eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili kwizilwanyana zasemhlabeni ukuchonga apho iintlobo zamanzi acocekileyo zisengozini khona kunye nemisebenzi yabantu ebonakala ngathi inoxanduva. “Ngeli xesha apho iinkqubo zezinto eziphilayo zehlabathi zibeka emngciphekweni wokungakhathaleli iintlobo zamanzi acocekileyo, ezi maphu zisinika isiseko esitsha, esikhethekileyo samanzi acocekileyo sokulondolozwa,” utshilo umbhali okhokelayo uChristophe Brabant. Oku kubalulekile kuye wonke umntu, kungekuphela nje kwiingcali zebhayoloji, kuba iinkqubo zamanzi acocekileyo zibonelela ngeenkonzo wonke umntu axhomekeke kuzo - amanzi okusela acocekileyo, izitokhwe zeentlanzi, ulawulo lwezikhukula, nokunye.
Besebenzisa idatha evela kwi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, iqela lidwebe impembelelo yeengozi ezingama-45 kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-21.000 ezivela kumaqela amahlanu ezilwanyana zamanzi acocekileyo: izilwanyana ezincancisayo, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, iintlanzi, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini angaphandle, kunye needragonflies. Oku kuphumele kwiimaphu ezingama-225 ezibonisa impembelelo yengozi nganye kwiqela ngalinye, ezathi emva koko zahlanganiswa zaba yi-index iyonke. Abaphandi emva koko bathelekisa iziphumo kunye nemephu yangaphambili yengozi yehlabathi yezilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo emhlabeni kwaye bafumanisa ukuba iintlobo zamanzi acocekileyo zijongene neengozi ezinkulu kwaye zabonisa iipatheni ezahlukeneyo zendawo.
Iingozi ezinkulu zatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kwiqela leentlobo: Izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kunye nezinye izinambuzane, ezifana needragonflies, zisengozini kakhulu yimisebenzi yezolimo, ngelixa izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo zisengozini yokuzingela. Iintlobo zamanzi acocekileyo ziye zatyeshelwa kakhulu kuphando lwangaphambili okanye ziqwalaselwe kuphela ngokwembono yokusetyenziswa ngabantu endaweni yokulondolozwa kweentlobo, nangona uninzi lweendawo zamanzi acocekileyo ezahlukeneyo nazo ziphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu. Ngaphezu koko, olu phononongo lolokuqala ukuseka isakhelo esidibeneyo sendawo yeendawo zasemhlabeni nezamanzi acocekileyo kunye nokuthelekisa ngokufanelekileyo izoyikiso kwesi silinganiso.
Uphando lwexesha elizayo lufanele lucacise ngokuchanekileyo ukuba zeziphi iintlobo kunye neendawo ekufuneka zibekwe phambili ukuze zikhuselwe, utshilo umbhali omkhulu uLars Lønsmann Iversen. “Ukuba sichonga iindawo ekufuneka zikhuselwe kwaye sazi ukuba ziphantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu okanye zijongene nosongelo oluphezulu, oku kunokunceda ekumiseleni amanyathelo afunekayo.” Ukongeza kwiBrabant kunye neIversen, uLaura Pollock, uJonas Geldmann, uMette Bendixen, uLise Comte, uHarith Farooq, uKatherine Hébert, uBernhard Lehner, kunye noCatherine A. Sayer banegalelo kolu phando. Luxhaswe yiFonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologie, iNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, iNew Frontiers in Research Fund, iDanish Independent Research Council, kunye neVillum Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity.
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