Ukuveliswa kwegesi eninzi kwiminenga efileyo efana neTimmy, enokubangela ukudumba kunye nokuqhekeka kwezidumbu ngamanye amaxesha, ibangelwa kakhulu yi -methanogenesis . Le ndlela ye-anaerobic metabolic ye-methanogenic archaea yenye yamanyathelo okugqibela ekuboleni kweentsholongwane kwaye inoxanduva lobuninzi be-methane (CH4) eveliswayo.
Yintoni i-methanogenesis?
I-Methanogenesis yimveliso yebhayoloji ye-methane yi-methanogenic archaea – iqela lee-microorganisms eziphakathi kweentlobo zobomi ezindala eMhlabeni. Zifumana amandla ngokuguqula izinto ezilula ezifana ne-hydrogen (H2), i-carbon dioxide (CO2), i-acetate, i-formate, okanye ii-methyl compounds phantsi kweemeko ezingqongqo ze-anaerobic.
Ezona mpendulo zibalulekileyo zezi:
- I-methanogenesis ye-hydrogenotropic (eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwisidumbu semikhomo):
4 H2 + CO2 = CH4 + 2 H2O
Le mpendulo iveliswa yi-archaea efana ne I-Methanobacteria, I-Methanococcus okanye Methanosarcina i-catalyzed. - I-methanogenesis ye-Acetoclastic:
I-CH3COO- + H+ = I-CH4 + I-CO2
Apha, i-acetate yahlulwe ngokuthe ngqo ibe yi-methane kunye ne-carbon dioxide. - I-methanogenezi ye-Methylotropic:
Ukusuka kwi-methanol, i-methylamine okanye i-dimethyl sulfide.
Ezi nkqubo zenzeka kwiindawo ezingenaoksijini, njengalezo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni womnenga emva kokufa kwawo.
Inkqubo ngaphakathi kwesidumbu semikhomo
Emva kokufa komkhomo (umz., umkhomo one-humpback "Timmy"), kukho ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza komoya-mpilo kwizicubu. Ekuqaleni, iibhaktheriya ezivundisayo (iClostridia, iBacteroides, njl.njl.) zilawula, ziqhekeza iiproteni, amafutha, kunye neecarbohydrate zibe zii-organic acids, ii-alcohols, ihydrogen, kunye ne-carbon dioxide.
Ezi mveliso zokuqhekeka zisebenza njengeziseko ze-methanogenic archaea. Ingakumbi kwizicubu ezinamafutha kunye nomgudu wamathumbu, kuveliswa inani elikhulu le-hydrogen kunye ne-acetate, eziguqulwa zibe yi-methane yi-archaea.
Umaleko omkhulu wamafutha kwi-humpback whale - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30% yobunzima bomzimba wayo - ubonelela ngesiseko esikhulu se-lipolysis. Ii-fatty acids ezikhutshwa kule nkqubo zixutywa yi-syntrophically yi-bacteria kwi-acetate kunye ne-hydrogen, ezithi emva koko zicutshungulwe zibe zii-methanogenic compounds. Oku kuchaza isizathu sokuba i-whales ezinkulu zidumbe kakhulu.
Ikhosi yexesha
- Iiyure zokuqala ukuya kwiintsuku: Ukulawula iibhaktheriya ezivundisayo, ukuveliswa kwegesi yokuqala (ingakumbi i-CO2 kunye ne-H2).
- Ukususela kusuku lwesi-3 ukuya kolwesi-7I-Methanogenesis iba yinto ebalaseleyo. Imveliso ye-methane iyanda kakhulu.
- Emva kweveki e-1-3Ukwanda kwegesi. Uxinzelelo lunokufikelela kwiibhari ezininzi.
- Kuxhomekeke kubushushuKwi-10–20°C (eqhelekileyo kwiilwandle zaseMantla naseBaltic), le nkqubo icotha kunakwiilwandle ezifudumeleyo.
Imiba enempembelelo
- Ubungakanani bomkhomoOkukhona isilwanyana sikhulu, kokukhona sinayo i-biomass eninzi kwaye ubushushu buyancipha kancinci – nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho i-methanogenesis ende nenamandla ngakumbi.
- Ubushushu bamanziUbushushu bukhawulezisa onke amazinga okusebenza kwe-metabolism.
- Imeko yempilo yangaphambiliUsulelo okanye ukwenzakala kunokunyusa ukwanda kweentsholongwane kwanangexesha lobomi bomntu.
- Ukufumaneka kweoksijiniKwiindawo ezinzulu zamanzi okanye xa kuthe kwabakho udaka olukhawulezileyo, isidumbu sihlala singashukumi ixesha elide.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo
Izidumbu zemikhomo ("iiWhale Falls") ziindawo ezibalulekileyo zendalo ezisemanzini olwandle. I-Methanogenesis inegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwenkqubo yendalo yezilwanyana ezincinci eyahlukileyo kangangeminyaka emininzi, eyondla iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo - ukusuka kwiimathi zeebhaktheriya kunye neembaza ukuya kwiimpethu.
Nangona kunjalo, emhlabeni okanye emanzini angajulileyo onxweme, ukwakheka kwegesi kuvelisa umngeni osebenzayo. Iigesi eziphumayo (ingakumbi i-methane kunye ne-hydrogen sulfide) azibangeli nje kuphela ukudumba, kodwa zinokuba yityhefu.
isiphelo
I-Methanogenesis yinkqubo ebalulekileyo ye-biochemical ebangela ukuba iminenga efileyo efana ne-"Timmy" idumbe kwaye isenokuqhuma. Yinto yendalo yokubola kwe-anaerobic kwaye ngumzekelo obalaseleyo womsebenzi omkhulu we-metabolic we-microorganisms nasemva kokufa kwento ephilayo.
Kwiinkonzo zongxamiseko nakuluntu, oku kuthetha ukuba: Izidumbu zeminenga evuvukileyo kufuneka ziphathwe zikude kwaye ziphathwe kuphela ngabasebenzi abafanelekileyo. Iinkqubo ze-biochemical ziyaqondakala kakuhle, kodwa azinakuthintelwa - ziyinxalenye yomjikelo wendalo wobomi baselwandle.
