Uthethathethwano lwe-UN ngo-Agasti 2025 lunokuthi luzise ingxaki yeplastiki yehlabathi, ubuncinci okwethutyana, kodwa uluntu lusekude kwisisombululo sehlabathi. Ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu, isixa kunye netyhefu yeplastiki iya kuqhubeka inyuka ngokukhawuleza, kokubini kokusingqongileyo nakubantu nezilwanyana.
Siqulunqe iinyani kunye namanani athetha ngokwawo:
Imveliso : ukukhula okungalawulwayo
I-400 yezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki zaveliswa kwihlabathi jikelele ngo-2022. Koku, malunga neepesenti ezilithoba kuphela ezivela kwiinkqubo zokurisayikilishwa. Iipesenti ezingama-98 zeplastiki entsha isekwe kwimathiriyeli yefosili. Ngokutsho kweengqikelelo zesayensi, imveliso yehlabathi iya kuphinda kabini ngo-2050 kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ibe ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu nge-2100 - ukucinga ukuba iindlela zamashumi eminyaka adlulileyo ziyaqhubeka.
Izixa zenkunkuma elwandle
I-40 pesenti yenkunkuma yeplastiki igalelwe umhlaba, i-51 pesenti iyatshiswa okanye ilahlwe ngendlela engafanelekanga.
Malunga ne-16 lezigidi zeetoni zeplastiki zingena elwandle minyaka le. Ngaphandle kotshintsho olumandla, esi sixa siya kunyuka siye kutsho kwi-2045 yezigidi zeetoni ngonyaka ngo-23.
Nokuba amagalelo amatsha ebenokunqunyanyiswa ngoko nangoko, isixa esipheleleyo elwandle siya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-263 yezigidi zeetoni (2015) ukuya kwi-2060 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni ngo-1,2 - kuba iplastiki esele ikhona elwandle iyaqhubeka nokubola.
Ezona ndawo zinkulu zenkunkuma elwandle zithelekiseka ngokumangalisayo namazwe kwaye ubukhulu becala ziquka iplastiki:
IGreat Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP/North Pacific) igubungela ummandla omalunga ne-1,6 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zesikwere, ophindwe kayi-4,5 ngobukhulu beJamani kwaye uphindwe kathathu ngobukhulu beFrance. Ama-99 ekhulwini enkunkuma yiplastiki. Uqikelelo lubonisa ukuba malunga ne-100.000–120.000 yeetoni zenkunkuma yeplastiki, esasazwa kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwe-1,8 trillion nganye.
Kukho iijire ezinkulu ezintlanu zolwandle ezinamabala enkunkuma, nganye inommandla ongamakhulu aliqela amawaka eekhilomitha zeekhilomitha.
Izixa ezikhulu zeplastiki, ezingabonakali ekuqaleni, zifumaneka phantsi kolwandle; kuqikelelwa kwi-11 lezigidi zeetoni.
IMicro- kunye ne-nanoplastics: Amalungu eplastiki kwingqondo, igazi, izicubu
Amasuntswana eplastiki sele efunyenwe kubisi lwebele, igazi, isibindi, izintso kunye nobuchopho bomntu:
- Izifundo ze-Autopsy zibonise umyinge we-2024g yeplastiki kwingqondo yomntu ngo-6: oku kuhambelana malunga neepesenti ze-0,5 zobunzima bobuchopho.
- Kwizigulane ezine-dementia, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30g kufunyenwe, amaxesha alishumi ngaphezulu.
- Ukuvezwa kwi-microplastics kunyuke kakhulu kwiminyaka yakutshanje - iisampulu zezicubu zobuchopho ukusuka ngo-2024 zazine-5g yeplastiki/g xa kuthelekiswa ne-3,3g/g ngo-2016.
- Iinanoplastics ziyingozi kakhulu kuba zinokuwela umqobo wegazi-ngqondo njengeentsholongwane.
- I-Micro- kunye ne-nanoplastics zixutyushwa njengezinto ezinegalelo ekuphenduleni okuvuthayo, umonakalo wezicubu kunye nokusilela kwe-neurological.
EJamani kunye nenkunkuma yeplastiki
- I-41kg yenkunkuma yeplastiki kumntu ngamnye ngonyaka
- Igalelo lokusingqongileyo kwi-microplastics: 4kg ngomntu ngamnye
I-Forecast: Uphuhliso kude kube ngu-2035, 2050, 2100
Imveliso yeplastiki
- 2022: 400 yezigidi zeetoni
- 2035: malunga. 600 yezigidi zeetoni
- 2050: malunga. 800 yezigidi zeetoni
- 2100: >1,200 yezigidi zeetoni
Inkunkuma yeplastiki yaselwandle
Micro- kunye nanoplastics ebantwini
Ukunyuka kweepesenti ze-2016 phakathi kwe-2024 kunye ne-50. Akukho zibonakaliso zaluphi na uhlobo lokuhluthwa okanye ukukhutshwa okusebenzayo; ukuqokelela kunokwenzeka.
Imithombo/yokufunda ngakumbi
I-GET (2025): Ukunyuka kwe-Microplastic kulwandle kujongelwa phantsi | Bioökonomie.de
I-Bioaccumulation ye-microplastics kwingqondo yomntu ehloniphekileyo | Unyango Lwendalo
Ukufakwa kwenkunkuma yeplastiki ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya elwandle | Inzululwazi
Uvavanyo lweemeko ngokubhekiselele kungcoliseko lweplastiki | Inzululwazi
