Ithimba labacwaningi baseShayina liphetha ocwaningweni lwakamuva lokuthi amakhemikhali ayinkinga awahlolwanga ngokwanele esikhathini esidlule. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izakhi eziphilayo ezishintshashintshayo ezine-chlorine ezinhlayiyeni zothuli lwamaminerali emkhathini zingaguqulwa zibe ama-dienzo-p-dioxin ane-polychlorinated anobuthi kakhulu kanye nama- dibenzofuran ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga.
Amakhemikhali ayingozi avame ukuhlolwa emithethweni kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe egxile kakhulu ezintweni zawo ezinobuthi, ukuphikelela kwendawo ezungezile, kanye nokunqwabelana kwezinto eziphilayo. Izinguquko ezibhekana nazo emkhathini zicatshangelwa kancane noma zinganakwa nhlobo, nakuba imikhiqizo yokuguqulwa kwesibili ingabonisa ubuthi obuphezulu nokuphikelela. Ukuze kuhlolwe okwanele ubungozi bemvelo nempilo yamakhemikhali entengiso, lezi zinguquko kufanele zicaciswe.
Kusukela kulo mbono, ithimba eliholwa ngu-Xiaole Weng wase-Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, e-China) lihlole ama-voltage chlorinated organic compounds (CVOCs). Lawa ngamakhemikhali abalulekile okuhweba asetshenziswa kakhulu embonini nakwezolimo futhi asetshenziswa, isibonelo, kumapende nama-varnish, ekuhlanzeni okomile, noma aphinde acutshungulwe abe yizibulala-zinambuzane. Izitshalo zokushiswa kwemfucuza kanye nezindawo zokulahla imfucumfucu kuyimithombo eyengeziwe yokukhishwa kwegesi. Ngokukhula kwezimboni, ukukhishwa kwe-CVOC kuzoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka. Ama-CVOC aziwa njengabanduleli benhlanganisela ye-dioxin ezinqubweni zokuvutha kwezimboni. Isibonelo, ama-chlorobenzenes, acutshungulwa umlotha wezimpukane, angaguqulwa abe ama dibenzo-p-dioxin ane-polychlorinated kanye ne- dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Amalungu amaningi aleli qembu lezinto anobuthi futhi anomdlavuza, njengoba bekwaziwa kabanzi kusukela engozini yamakhemikhali elimazayo e-Seveso ngo-1976. Noma kunjalo, kusenemininingwane encane mayelana nesiphetho kanye noshintsho olungase lube khona lwama-CVOC emkhathini.
Izinhlayiya ze-atmospheric ziqukethe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, amaminerali ensimbi ne-aluminium, angasebenza ngokumangalisayo. Ithimba licabange ukuthi lezi zingabangela ukuguqulwa kwama-CVOC abe yi-PCDD/Fs ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube umthombo obalulekile, onganakiwe wama-dioxin. Ukuhlola le nkolelo-mbono, abacwaningi benza izivivinyo zaselabhorethri ezinhlayiyeni ezihlukahlukene zamaminerali futhi bahlonza izindlela zokusabela ezingase zibe khona besebenzisa izibalo zekhompyutha. Kamuva, ukuhlolwa kwenkundla okunomoya ozungezile nomlotha wokuwa kwenziwa epaki yezimboni, okuqinisekisa ukwenzeka kokuguqulwa kwe-photochemical emkhathini wangempela.
Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi ama-CVOC atholakala yonke indawo, njenge-monochlorobenzene, i-dichloromethane, kanye ne-perchloroethylene, angaba yizinto ezingcolisa i-PCDDs/Fs ezinganakwa. Ama-iron oxides (α-Fe₂O₃) adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwama-chlorophenols kanye nama-dioxin compounds. Ukuhlolwa kwamagundane kuphinde kwembula ukuthi uthuli lwe-iron oxide lubangele umonakalo omkhulu emaphashini nasebuchosheni ngemva kokusabela kwe-photochemical.
Ucwaningo lugqamisa isidingo sokuhlola kabusha ubuthi bezinto ezingcolisa umoya ezandulelayo, njengama-CVOCs okuhweba, kanye noguquko lwawo.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
Funda futhi
Ezinye iziqandisi ziyingozi kakhulu esimweni sezulu kune-carbon dioxide | I-Pugnalom
