Izazi ze-Microbiology eYunivesithi yaseKiel ziye zabonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwe-asexual ye-jellyfish yenyanga kulawulwa kakhulu imikhiqizo yamagciwane. I-Beta-carotene, ekhiqizwa amagciwane ku-microbiome yemvelo ye-jellyfish, idlala indima ebalulekile. Njengoba zingekho lezi zinambuzane, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inqubo ye-strobilation—ukuguqulwa kwe-polyp ibe i-jellyfish encane—iyama. Umphumela uba iziyaluyalu zokukhula nokuncipha kakhulu kokuzala. Okutholakele kwabo kwashicilelwa kujenali iScience.
I-microbiome, umphakathi wamagciwane ahlala ngaphakathi kanye nasentweni ephilayo yamangqamuzana amaningi, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqineni nasekuphileni kwezilwane eziningi zasolwandle. I-moon jellyfish ine-microbiome ehluke kakhulu ekwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezihlukene futhi ibe nomthelela ekushintsheni phakathi kwezigaba zokuphila ezihlukahlukene. Umjikelezo wokuphila wezigaba eziningi we-moon jellyfish uqala ngezibungu ezincane ezihlala endaweni engaphansi eqinile bese zikhula zibe ama-polyp anyakazayo. Enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-strobilation, ama-polyp akhula abe izandulela zokubhukuda ze-jellyfish (ephyrae), ezikhula zibe i-medusae yabantu abadala ababhukuda mahhala - inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuzalana kwe-asexual. Abacwaningi bakwazile ukukhombisa ukuthi le nqubo yokuthuthuka ithonywa ngokuqinile yi-microbiome.
"Imiphumela yethu ibonisa ukuthi akuzona nje izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa noma usawoti odlala indima, kodwa ukuthi i-microbiome yemvelo ye-jellyfish ibalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwayo. Ithonya lamagciwane libaluleke kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushaywa, "kusho umlobi oholayo uDkt. Nadin Jensen, owaphothula iziqu zakhe zobudokotela ngalesi sihloko eqenjini locwaningo likaProfesa Ruth Schmitz-Streit e-Institute of the General Microbiology e-Institute of General Microbiology e-Kiel University.
I-Strobilation, ukuguqulwa kusuka ku-polyp kuya ku-jellyfish yokubhukuda mahhala, kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi: Amagciwane ku-polyp ekuqaleni akhiqiza i-beta-carotene, i-provitamin. Lokhu kuguqulwa kube yimikhiqizo eminingana emzimbeni we-jellyfish – okuhlanganisa i-retinoic acid (9-cis-retinoic acid). Lokhu kusebenza njengesignali yebhayoloji eyenza kusebenze izakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ukuze kube nokuguquguquka futhi ngaleyo ndlela kuqalise i-metamorphosis. "Ngaphandle kwe-microbiome yemvelo, ama-polyps aba nokukhubazeka okuphawulekayo. Ahlukanisa kuphela ngokungaphelele futhi akhulule noma iyiphi i-ephyra," kuchaza uProfesa Ruth Schmitz-Streit, inhloko yeqembu elisebenzayo le-Molecular Biology of Microorganisms yaseKiel University e-Institute of General Microbiology (IfAM).
Ezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri, ama-polyp oyinyumba angenayo i-microbiome yawo yemvelo abonise ukukhubazeka okuphawulekayo okuthuthuka njengemizimba emifushane, izingxenye ezikhubazekile, amatende alahlekile, nokukhululwa kwe-ephyra ephansi. Kodwa-ke, lapho abacwaningi bengeza i-beta-carotene noma i-9-cis-retinoic acid emanzini azungezile, ukukhubazeka kwe-polyp kwaqedwa ngokuphelele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abacwaningi bakwazi ukuvimba ngokuqondile indlela yokubonisa i-retinoic acid besebenzisa ama-inhibitors athile, ngaleyo ndlela bavimbele ukuguqulwa kwe-metamorphosis. Lokhu kuphinde kwaphazamisa i-metamorphosis kuma-polyps anempilo ane-microbiome yemvelo. Abacwaningi, abathole izakhi zofuzo zebhaktheriya ezisebenzayo kuphela ku-microbiome yemvelo hhayi kumsingathi, bakwazi ukukhombisa ukuthi i-microbiome yemvelo ilawula inqubo; i-jellyfish ngokwayo ayikwazi ukukhiqiza i-beta-carotene.
"Ukuhlola kwethu kuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokubonisa i-retinoic acid ibalulekile ukuze i-jellyfish strobilation. Ngaphandle kwayo, i-polyp ihlala ibambekile esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula," kusho uDkt. Nadin Jensen. "Kodwa-ke, sisesekuqaleni kocwaningo lwethu. Asikakakwazi ukunquma ukugxila okunembile kwe-beta-carotene futhi ekuqaleni sigxile ezakhini zofuzo ezine ezibalulekile."
Ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwento ephilayo yasolwandle kuxhumene kangakanani nabalingani bayo bebhaktheriya. Uma ingekho i-microbiome yemvelo, izinqubo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa azikwazi ukwenzeka ngokugcwele. Okutholakele okusha akusisizi nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukukhula kwe-jellyfish kodwa futhi kuhlinzeka ngemininingwane mayelana nokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okutholakele kungasiza ukuchaza kangcono izenzakalo ezifana nokuqhakaza kwe-jellyfish olwandle olwandle. "I-Jellyfish iyisici esibalulekile sezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle futhi inekhono elimangalisayo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo ezishintshayo. Ukuqonda kangcono ukukhiqizwa kwazo kungase kube nomthelela ekuqondeni kangcono ukusatshalaliswa kwazo olwandle futhi mhlawumbe kuze kulwisane nakho esikhathini esizayo, "kufingqa isazi sezinto ezincane eziphilayo uSchmitz-Streit.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
UNadin Jensen, uNancy Weiland-Bräuer, uCynthia Maria Chibani, uRuth Anne Schmitz, i-carotene etholakala kwi-microbiota iyadingeka ukuze kuguqulwe i-Aurelia aurita ngokuthinta i-host retinoic acid signaling, iScience, uMqulu 28, Udaba 2, 2025, 111729, ISSN 2589-0042
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