Amazinga okushisa akhuphuka ngokuqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke - kuhlanganise naseNorth Sea. Kodwa-ke, akukhona nje ukufudumala kancane kancane, kodwa futhi nemicimbi yokushisa eyanda njalo nokuzumayo inemiphumela emangalisayo ezintweni eziphila ku-German Bight. Abacwaningi e-Heligoland Biological Institute ye-Alfred Wegener Institute baye balinganisela imvamisa namandla amaza okushisa kanye nemiphumela yawo ku-plankton. Isiphetho sabo: Ukufudumala kancane kancane kubangela ukushintsha okuphawulekayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane. Lapho amagagasi okushisa engezwa kungxube, lokhu kushintsha umphumela ube yingozi yamaqembu amaningi.
Ukukhuphuka kwezinga lolwandle, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezisanda kwethulwa, kanye nokufudumala kwe-1,9 degrees Celsius kusukela ngo-1962 - iNorth Sea okwamanje inezinguquko ezinkulu kakhulu kunaseminyakeni eyinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, izikhathi ezinde zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ngokombono womuntu, zivame ukudala umbono wokuthi lezi zinguquko zenzeka kancane kancane, mhlawumbe azibi kangako ngoba izinto eziningi eziphilayo ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kancane kancane. “Nokho, ingxenye ebalulekile yendida ayikho kulesi sithombe,” kusho uDkt. Cédric Meunier. "Futhi lokho amagagasi okushisa olwandle."
UCédric Meunier ucwaninga nge-ecology yezinhlelo zolwandle zamashalofu e-Heligoland Biological Institute (BAH), ebiyingxenye ye-Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) kusukela ngo-1998. Kanye nabacwaningi abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene, uye wabhekisisa amagagasi okushisa ngaphansi kolwandle.
Phakathi namagagasi okushisa anjalo, amazinga okushisa amanzi akhuphuka ngokuzumayo - ngokuvamile ngenxa yegagasi lokushisa elidlule emkhathini - bese lihlala lingaphezu kwesilinganiso izinsuku ezimbalwa. Abacwaningi bebefuna ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kunamiphi imiphumela ezintweni eziphilayo. Ukuze benze kanjalo, bahlaziye idatha yomlando, baphenya imvamisa namandla amaza okushisa kusukela emashumini eminyaka adlule kuze kube manje, futhi babikezela i-North Sea ecosystem esikhathini esizayo esivivinyweni. Bashicilele imiphumela emaphepheni amabili ocwaningo (Okwedlule Namanje). Iphepha lesithathu, manje elishicilelwe, liphetha ucwaningo oluphelele lwamagagasi okushisa ngokubheka ikusasa.
Ucwaningo lokubuyisela emuva lwenziwe lwaba yimpumelelo ngolunye lwedatha ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni yesikhathi eside. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabacwaningi abaningi base-Heligoland, umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ku-ecosystem ye-North Sea ubhalwe ngokuningiliziwe ochungechungeni lwedatha yesilinganiso se-Heligoland Roads kusukela ngo-1962. Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yezinga lokushisa kwethimba eliholwa isazi sezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo yokuhlala uDkt. Zenzeka kakhulu ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile libuye libe phezulu kakhulu onyakeni.
Olunye ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi amaza okushisa abe nemiphumela ecacile elinganisekayo ezintweni eziphilayo esikhathini esidlule. "Sithole ukuthi i-zooplankton ephakathi nendawo, ehlanganisa ama-copepod, phakathi kwezinye izinto , ishintsha kakhulu ngenxa yezikhathi ezimfushane zokushisa okuphezulu," kuchaza usosayensi we-BAH uMargot Deschamps. "Amanye amaqembu aqothulwa, okungenani okwesikhashana, ngemva kwamaza okushisa, kanti amanye ngokusobala azuza futhi ayeningi kakhulu."
Esihlokweni sesithathu socwaningo, manje esishicilelwe kujenali i-Limnology and Oceanography, ithimba labacwaningi libheka ikusasa. Basebenzise enye yezinhlelo zesimanje ze-mesocosm emhlabeni e-AWI Wadden Sea Station ku-Sylt. Ithangi ngalinye kwangama-cylindrical angu-30 (i-mesocomsos) lingamasentimitha angu-85 ukuphakama, amasentimitha angu-170 ububanzi, futhi linamalitha angu-1.800 amanzi olwandle. Ngokushintsha ngamabomu izinga lokushisa, i-pH, nokuqukethwe kwezakhi emanzini, abacwaningi bangalingisa izimo zezwe lakusasa, ngaleyo ndlela bathumele i-mesocosm, kanye ne-plankton ehlala ngaphakathi kwayo, esikhathini esizayo njengomshini wesikhathi.
Esivivinyweni, ithimba lidalule izakhamuzi zaseNorth Sea ezimweni zamanje futhi, uma kuqhathaniswa, nezimo ezichazwe yi-IPCC "ibhizinisi njengenjwayelo" isimo sokuthuthukiswa kwe-RCP 8.5 yonyaka ka-2100. Kulesi simo, ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 komphakathi womhlaba kuzoqhubeka kwenyukela ku-2100 gigatons ngo-30 ° C, okuholela ekushiseni kwembulunga yonke. Kokubili izindlela zamanje kanye "nebhizinisi njengenjwayelo" i-RCP 4 nazo zenziwa ngaphandle kwe-heater, efudumeza amanzi ngo-8.5 degrees Celsius ngaphezu kwesilinganiso izinsuku ezinhlanu.
“Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lubangela ushintsho emazingeni amaningi omphakathi we-plankton, oluqiniswa kakhulu noma oluguqulwa amaza okushisa,” kuchaza uCédric Meunier. “Amaqembu athile amabhaktheriya ayazuza ezinguqukweni zemvelo, okuhlanganisa amanye amabhaktheriya ohlobo lwe- Vibrio , olungaba yingozi nakubantu .” Ngenkathi inani eliphelele le-phytoplankton lihlala lingaguquki, ukwakheka kwezinhlobo kuyashintsha kuthande izinhlobo ezincane esimweni se-RCP 8.5. Ngesikhathi samaza okushisa engeziwe, ama-phytoflagellates nama -coccolithophores, afakwe amapuleti e-calcareous, ayazuza kakhulu. I-Zooplankton ibhekana noshintsho olukhulu nakakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, sibona ukwehla kwenani eliphelele le-biomass yama-mesozooplankton aphakathi nendawo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifudumele. Ngesikhathi samaza okushisa engeziwe, i-molecule ye-bioluminescent yasolwandle i-Noctiluca scintillans ihlupheka kakhulu .”
Ndawonye, womathathu amaphrojekthi ocwaningo akwenza kucace: amazinga okushisa akhuphuka njalo ashintsha kakhulu umphakathi wamapulanka oLwandle Olusenyakatho. Nokho, ukugxila kuphela emazingeni okushisa amaphakathi akwanele ekuqaguleni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngisho nemicimbi yesikhashana njengamagagasi okushisa ayakhulisa futhi iguqule le miphumela. “Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuthi ungabheki nje kuphela ukuthambekela kwesimo sezulu esihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi nasemicimbini emifushane njengamagagasi okushisa,” kusho uCédric Meunier. "Ngenxa yokuthi imiphumela yamagagasi okushisa olwandle ishintsha kakhulu isisekelo sewebhu yokudla. Futhi lokhu kungase kube nemiphumela ezintweni eziphila ezingeni eliphezulu njengezinhlanzi."
okushicilelwe kwangempela
ULuis Giménez, uMaarten Boersma, noKaren H. Wiltshire: Indlela eyisisekelo eminingi yamagagasi okushisa olwandle ; I-Limnology kanye ne-Oceanography (2024). I-DOI: 10.1002/lno.12521
UMargot Deschamps, uMaarten Boersma, uLuis Giménez: Izimpendulo zomphakathi waseMesozooplankton ezimweni zokushisa zasolwandle: Izinselele nezixazululo ezisekelwe ochungechungeni lwesikhathi eside ; Ijenali Yezilwane Ecology (2024). I-DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.14165
UCédric L. Meunier, Jose?n Schmidt, Antonia Ahme, Areti Balconi, Katharina Berg, Lea Blum, Maarten Boersma, Jan D. Brüwer, Bernhard M. Fuchs, Luis Gimenez, Maïté Guignard, Ruben Schulte-Hillen, Bernd Krock, u-Simons Rickbor, u-Herwien Rickbor U-Felix Weber, u-Antje Wichels, u-Karen Helen Wiltshire, uSylke Wohlrab, u-Inga V. Kirstein: Imiphakathi yase-Plankton namuhla nakusasa - imithelela yokushintsha okuningi kwabashayeli bomhlaba wonke kanye namagagasi okushisa olwandle esivivinyweni se-mesocosm ; I-Limnology ne-Oceanography (2025). I-DOI: 10.1002/lno.70042
Funda futhi
INorth Sea: I-Trawling ikhipha amathani ayisigidi e-CO2 ngonyaka | I-Pugnalom
Penda izinhlayiya eziphuma ezinjinini zomoya ezingasogwini zisakazwa olwandle | I-Pugnalom
