Kungani izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zihlala ndawonye emahlathini anothe ngezinhlobo zezilwane nokuthi lokhu kuhlobana kanjani namaphethini athile wendawo wezinhlobo zezihlahla sekuyisikhathi eside kuyimpikiswano ku-ecology. Ukucacisa lo mbuzo kubalulekile ngoba kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekuzinzeni kwamahlathi anothe ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lososayensi eliholwa yi-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) lithole amaphethini angalindelekile ekusabalaliseni indawo kwezinhlobo zezihlahla futhi lashicilela abakutholile kwethi Imvelo. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlalisana kwezinhlobo zezihlahla, amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nezipholile asebenzisa ngempumelelo amasu aphikisayo asekelwe ekuhlanganiseni kwezihlahla nobuningi bezinhlobo zezihlahla.
Ziyinqolobane yangempela yedatha: Ngezindawo zokubuka unomphela ezingaphezu kuka-75 emazweni angu-29 emhlabeni jikelele, inethiwekhi ye-Forest Global Earth Observatory (ForestGEO) ye-Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI) inikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokucwaninga ukuguquguquka kwemvelo yehlathi ukuze uqonde kangcono izinqubo ezithonya ukwakheka nokusebenza kwamahlathi. Kulezi ziza ezingamahektha angu-20 kuya kwangu-50, isihlahla ngasinye siye sabonakala, silinganiswa, futhi sibhekwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-40, ngokuvamile izihlahla ezingaphezu kuka-200.000 21 ngesiqephu ngasinye. Amamodeli amabili e-UFZ ecosystem uDkt. Thorsten Wiegand kanye noProf. UDkt. Andreas Huth babhekisise izindawo ezingu-XNUMX ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezindaweni ezishisayo, nasezindaweni ezipholile. Kusetshenziswa idatha ye-ForestGEO, ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe elididiyelwe abacwaningi ababili be-UFZ lahlaziya indlela izinhlobo zezihlahla ezisatshalaliswa ngayo emahlathini nokuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezinesibopho kulawa maphethini wendawo. “Ukufuna izimiso ezilawula ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo kwezinhlobo zezihlahla nokuguquguquka kwamahlathi sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinselele emfundisweni yesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo yazo ezungezile,” kusho umlobi oholayo uThorsten Wiegand, echaza lo mbuzo.
Ukuze bathole ukuhlaziya kwabo, ithimba labacwaningi lihlole zonke izihlahla ezinobubanzi besiqu okungenani obungamasentimitha ayi-10 ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-ForestGEO. U-Andreas Huth uthi: “Lapho izindawo zamahlathi ezicwaningwayo zisondelana nenkabazwe, anciphisa amathuba okuba izihlahla zezinhlobo ezingavamile zibe nezindawo eziseduze kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, emahlathini asendaweni epholile, bathola umehluko omncane nje phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivamile nezingavamile. Lokhu kubangela i-gradient enwebeka isuka ezindaweni ezishisayo idlulele ezindaweni ezishisayo ukuya ezindaweni ezipholile. Lokhu kuholele ekutheni abacwaningi be-UFZ babuze imibuzo emibili: Yiziphi izinqubo ezibangela ubudlelwano obuhlukene phakathi kwemvamisa nenani lomakhelwane bohlobo olufanayo? Futhi lokhu kunamiphi imiphumela ngokuhlala ndawonye kwezinhlobo zezihlahla?
Ukuze bathole izimpendulo zale mibuzo, abacwaningi basebenzise ulwazi olukhona mayelana nezindlela zokusabalala kwalezi zinhlobo. "Cishe amaphesenti angama-70 kuya kwangu-80 ezinhlobo zezihlahla ezindaweni ezishisayo zisakazwa yizilwane, kakhulu kunasemahlathini anesimo sezulu esipholile," kusho uThorsten Wiegand. Esinye isici esibalulekile yi- mycorrhizal fungi . Lawa manethiwekhi e-fungus akha ubudlelwano bokubambisana nezimpande ezinhle zezihlahla, okuzuzisa zombili izinto eziphilayo: I-fungus inikeza izihlahla izakhamzimba namanzi, futhi ngokubuyisela, ithola i-glucose. "Emahlathini anesimo sezulu esipholile, i-mycorrhiza ivikela izimpande zezihlahla ezincane eduze kwezihlahla ezinkulu zohlobo olufanayo ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane noma izinambuzane," kuchaza umodeli we-UFZ ecosystem uDkt. Samuel M. Fischer, naye ohlanganyele ocwaningweni. Nokho, emahlathini anesimo sezulu esishisayo, uhlobo oluthile lwe-fungus, i-arbuscular mycorrhiza, luyabusa, olungavikeli izimpande zezihlahla ezincane. "Ngakho-ke, imbewu kumele iqinisekise ukuthi isuka kude ngangokunokwenzeka nezihlahla zabazali bayo, futhi izilwane zivame ukuzisiza ngalokhu," usho kanje. Uma manje sibheka izinhlobo zezihlahla ezivela ezindaweni ezingu-21 ze-ForestGEO ezifundwe ezisakazwa yizilwane futhi ezine-arbuscular mycorrhizae, i-gradient evela ezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo igqame kakhulu. Isiphetho: “Emahlathini ashisayo, izindlela ezifana nokusabalala kwembewu yizilwane ziholela emaphethini endawo abonwayo, kanti emahlathini ashisayo, isikhunta se-mycorrhizal siqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezinhlobo ezingavamile zingaba nomakhelwane abaningi bezinhlobo ezifanayo,” kusho uThorsten Wiegand.
Ukuthola imininingwane emisha ngokuphila ndawonye kwezinhlobo zezilwane emiphumeleni yokuhlaziywa kwedatha yendawo, abacwaningi be-UFZ manje bathembele ekufanisweni okubekela sobala kwendawo namamodeli ezibalo. "Besifuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimfuneko zezinhlobo zezihlahla ezahlukene ezinezidingo ezifanayo ukuze zihlalisane," kusho u-Andreas Huth. Isici esiyinhloko sokuhlalisana kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuzinza komphakathi wezinhlobo zezilwane ehlathini ngokuvamile ukuthi izinhlobo zezihlahla eziye zaba yivelakancane zingaphinde zikhule yini. Kulokhu, umphakathi wezinhlobo zezihlahla ubhekwa uzinzile. Abacwaningi be-UFZ benze ifomula entsha yethiyori ye-dynamics yehlathi ehlanganisa isici esiyingozi. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kunquma izimo lapho uhlobo olungavamile olungaphila ngaphansi kwaso.
Umphumela: Isici esiyingozi sincane uma lezi zilwane zivame kakhulu futhi zinomakhelwane abafana kakhulu. Lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuba izinhlobo zezilwane ziphile ndawonye. Ngakho-ke izinhlobo zezilwane emahlathini apholile ngokuvamile zinesici esincane sobungozi. Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, izici eziyingozi zezinhlobo zezihlahla zivame ukuba zinkulu, kodwa ezinye izici zinendima lapho, njengokuhlakazwa kwezilwane kwembewu, okungavala lokhu bubi. “Ngakho-ke amahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo nasezingeni elipholile ngalinye libonisa isakhiwo esikahle sendawo lapho ukuhlalisana kwezinhlobo zezihlahla kuye kwasungulwa,” kufingqa u-Thorsten Wiegand.
Le ndlela esanda kutholwa yendawo manje isiyisiqalo socwaningo olwengeziwe, lapho u-Thorsten Wiegand, ekanye no-Andreas Huth, ahlose ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo ithiyori yokuqonda ukuguquguquka kwendawo kanye nokuzinza kwamahlathi anothe ngezinhlobo zezilwane ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-Advanced ERC Grant eyaklonyeliswa ngonyaka odlule. "Manje sifuna ukwandisa kakhulu uphenyo lwethu nezindlela, isibonelo, ngokucabangela ubukhulu besihlahla, ukufuduka kwezinhlobo zezilwane, nezici zezinhlobo ezinemininingwane eminingi, kanye nokusebenzisa idatha yenzwa ekude," esho. Banemali elinganiselwa ku-2,5 million euros cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
Thorsten Wiegand, Juyu Lian, Luxiang Lin, Feng Liu, Keping Ma, William McShea, Xiangcheng Mi, Jonathan A. Myers, Anuttara Nathalang, David A. Orwig, Guochun Shen, Sheng-Hsin Su, I-Fang Sun, Xihua Wang, Amy Wolf, Enrong Yesdith Lanhu, Andreas Hunhui, Wanhuitu ukukala kokuhlanganisa ngobuningi nokuphilisana emahlathini, Imvelo, i-doi: 10.1038/s41586-025-08604-z
Funda futhi
