Amaqabunga awile ayingxenye evamile yokuphila ezindaweni zethu ezikude – noma okungenani kufanele abe njalo. Abantu abasezindaweni ezifudumele bebehlala bephila namaqabunga awile, kungaba semahlathini noma ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakuthathwa kalula ukuthi sizobhekana nokulinganiselwa kwezinkathi zonyaka: izindlela zazishanelwa, izindlela zokungena kanye nezindawo ezisetshenziswa njalo zazigcinwa zihlanzekile, futhi kwakwamukelwa ukuthi amaqabunga, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwemvula, angaba udaka futhi ngenxa yalokho ashelele. Nokho, namuhla, ukuzimisela ukwamukela izimo ezinjalo zemvelo kubonakala kuncipha. Ezweni elihloselwe induduzo nokulawula, amaqabunga awile manje abhekwa yonke indawo njengesiphazamiso, kubonakala sengathi.
Ukuphathwa kwedolobha kanye nabezindaba banegalelo elikhulu ekuboniseni amaqabunga asekwindla njengengozi. Izixwayiso mayelana "namakhaphethi akhohlisayo amaqabunga" noma "izingozi zengozi" zisikisela ukuthi amaqabunga ayingozi okumele alwiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela edingekayo. Lokhu kweqisa kukhulisa isiko lokwesaba lapho izinqubo zemvelo zingasamukelwa khona kanjalo. Esikhundleni sokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bahambe ngokucophelela - ngezinyawo, ngebhayisikili, noma ngemoto - futhi bathathe umthwalo wemfanelo ngendawo yabo, imvelo ivezwa njengenkinga okufanele isuswe. Kodwa-ke, izingozi ezibangelwa amaqabunga awile zivame ukuba zincane futhi zingancishiswa ngezinyathelo ezilula njengokudonsa njalo nokusekelana.
Amaqabunga awile awayona nje into ephazamisayo – ayisici esibalulekile sokulinganisela kwemvelo. Uma amaqabunga ewela phansi, ayabola futhi abuyisele izakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, ne-potassium enhlabathini. Le nqubo ikhuthaza ukuvunda kwenhlabathi futhi isekela ukukhula kwezitshalo entwasahlobo elandelayo. Ngakho-ke amaqabunga awile adlala indima ebalulekile emjikelezweni wezakhamzimba ngokuhlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo ezivikela inhlabathi ekugugulekeni futhi zithuthukise amandla ayo okugcina amanzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqabunga awile asebenza njengomthombo wokudla nendawo yokuhlala yezinto eziphilayo eziningi. Izibungu zomhlaba ( Lumbricus terrestris ) zibola izinto eziphilayo futhi zithuthukise isakhiwo somhlabathi. I-Woodlice ( Porcellio scaber ) kanye nama-millipedes ( Polydesmida ) zinegalelo ekuboleni, kuyilapho i-springtails ( Collembola ) iphula izinto eziphilayo, ikhipha izakhamzimba. Izinqwaba zamaqabunga nazo zihlinzeka ngezindawo zokuhlala ebusika zama-hedgehog, amaxoxo, kanye nezinambuzane ezifana nama-ladybugs ( Coccinella septempunctata ), afuna indawo yokukhosela phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo. Emanzini agelezayo, isibonelo, izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla ezifana nama-amphipod kanye nezibungu ziyazuza emaqabunga agciniwe njengomthombo wokudla. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kubalulekile ekulinganiseni kwemvelo kanye nokuzinza kwezindawo zemvelo.
Umkhuba wamanje wokunakekela izindawo eziluhlaza ngokweqile ubhebhethekisa inkinga yokuzizwa uthukuthele ngamaqabunga . Ama-leaf blowers nama-vacuum cleaner, asetshenziswa komasipala abaningi nasezingadini, awasusi nje kuphela amaqabunga kodwa futhi nengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi, ebalulekile kuma-microorganisms. Izifundo ze-Technical University of Munich zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwama-leaf blowers kungomisa inhlabathi futhi kunciphise umsebenzi wama-microorganisms ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa madivayisi akhiqiza amazinga omsindo angama-decibel angu-120, angcolise umoya ngezinto ezincane, avuse ama-mold spores ayingozi, kanye namandla angcolile. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwe-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), ukusetshenziswa kwama-leaf blowers asebenzisa uphethiloli kunegalelo elikhulu ekungcoleni komoya wendawo kunemoto evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukususwa kwamaqabunga kuvimbela ukufudumala kwemvelo kwenhlabathi, okungaholela ekulimaleni kweqhwa ezitshalweni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokufutha amaqabunga kanye nemishini yokufutha ibulala imishini . Uma kusetshenziswa imishini yokufutha amaqabunga, imisinga yomoya efinyelela ku-250 km/h ithinta udoti wamaqabunga phansi. Izilwane ezincane ezifana nezinambuzane ezindizayo, izicabucabu, izimbungulu, ama-millipedes, i-woodlice, kanye nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasezilwaneni ezincane ezincelisayo ziphonswa emoyeni, zilimale kakhulu, noma zibulawe. Imishini yokufutha amaqabunga ilimaza kakhulu: izilwane ziyamuncwa futhi zisikwe ziphila ngendlela yokufutha. Izibungu zamabhabhathane, izimpethu zomhlaba, i-springtails, kanye nezimbuzane—izingxenye ezibalulekile zomhlabathi kanye nochungechunge lokudla—ziqedwa yimishini yokufutha kanye nemishini yokufutha ngendlela eyeqisayo. Ukubhujiswa kwezilwane zasemhlabathini kuthinta nazo zonke ezinye izidalwa ezidla kuwo: ngemva kweminyaka embalwa nje, ubuningi bezinyoni nama-hedgehog buyehla. Nakuba izifundo eziningi, okuhlanganisa nalezo ze-German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), i-Graz University of Technology, kanye ne-Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, ziqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiwe lokhu kuxhumana, izinqubo zamanje ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya azikashintshi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini ezindaweni zokulondoloza zikamasipala kanye nezingadi ezizimele sekuthatha izindlela ezingaqondakali; akekho osakhathazeka ngokuqola amaqabunga - ngisho nasezindaweni ezincane kakhulu.
Lesi simo sengqondo esingesona esingokwemvelo ngamaqabunga awile sinemiphumela ebulalayo esizukulwaneni esilandelayo kanye nobuhlobo bawo nezinqubo zemvelo. Okokuqala, kuholela ekujwayeleni ukunakekelwa ngokweqile: yilawo migwaqo yokuhamba egcinwe ngokucophelela kanye nezindawo eziluhlaza kuphela ezibhekwa njengezivamile; ukuwadala kuba yinhloso eyodwa. Amaqabunga awile aphenduka imfucuza eluhlaza edinga nje ukulahlwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izingane zifunda ukuthi indawo ezungezile akuyona indawo yazo "ehlala kuyo", ezihlanganyela namakhulu ezinye izinhlobo, kodwa into edala izinkinga ezinzima. Esikhundleni sokudlala, ukufunda, nokuthola emaqabungeni, zifundiswa ukuthi konke okwemvelo kumele kulawulwe futhi kususwe—ngomshini, vele, hhayi ngemishanelo noma amareki. Izingane namuhla zikhulela endaweni lapho ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba kunqunyelwe khona kwezemidlalo nemisebenzi yokuzilibazisa njengokuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukuhamba ngezinyawo, kodwa hhayi ekubhekaneni nemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokususa amaqabunga ngesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziphucwa ulwazi; imizwa yazo iyancipha. Labo abakhipha amaqabunga benza kanjalo ngokuthula ngokunyakaza okufanayo okuphindaphindayo, bezwa iphunga elimnandi futhi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayazi noma abazi, umsindo okhuphukayo nowehlayo, bazi umuzwa wamaqabunga omile nokuthi ahluke kanjani amanzi. Izingane ezingalokothi zisize futhi ezingalokothi zizwe amaqabunga asekwindla ngale ndlela yesandla ziyanqatshelwa lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho. Izifundo, ezifana nalezo ezivela eNyuvesi yaseFreiburg, zibonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana nezinto zemvelo njengamaqabunga awile kukhuthaza intuthuko yokuqonda yezingane kanye nobuciko. Izinqwaba zamaqabunga zingasebenza njengezindawo zokudlala nezindawo zokufunda.
Ngakho-ke sekuyisikhathi sokubonisa ukuzibamba okukhulu lapho sibhekene namaqabunga asekwindla nokubona amaqabunga ukuthi ayini: isipho semvelo.
Amathiphu kaPugnalom okuphatha kahle amaqabunga awile:
Dala izinqwaba zamaqabunga :
- inzuzo: Izinqwaba zamaqabunga zinikeza izindawo zokuhlala ebusika zama-hedgehog, amaxoxo, amaxoxo kanye nezinambuzane ezifana nama-ladybug noma ama-springtail (I-CollembolaZikhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zivikele amagciwane.
- ukuqaliswaBeka amaqabunga ekhoneni elithule lengadi noma ipaki, okungcono kakhulu endaweni evikelekile, enomthunzi kancane. Qinisa inqwaba ngamagatsha noma amatshe ukuze ihlale injalo.
Ukwenza umquba :
- inzuzoAmaqabunga awile ayabola abe yi-humus ecebile ngezakhamzimba, okuthuthukisa inhlabathi futhi kukhuthaze ukuvunda kwenhlabathi. Ihlinzeka ngezinto eziphilayo futhi isekele amagciwane.
- ukuqaliswaHlanganisa amaqabunga nemfucuza eluhlaza (isib., izingcezu zotshani) ukuze kusheshiswe inqubo yokubola. Amaqabunga e-oki noma e-beech, abola kancane, anezela isakhiwo kumquba. Jika njalo ukuze ukhuthaze umoya.
Ukuhlanganisa i-mulching :
- inzuzoAmaqabunga aqoshiwe asetshenziswa njenge-mulch avikela inhlabathi eqhweni, anciphisa ukukhula kokhula, agcine umswakama futhi akhulule izakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen ne-potassium.
- ukuqaliswaSika amaqabunga ngomshini wokugunda utshani bese uwasakaza ngesendlalelo esingu-5 kuya ku-10 cm ubukhulu emibhedeni yezimbali noma eduze kwezihlahla. Ungawafaki kakhulu ukuze ugweme ukubola.
Shiya amaqabunga ezindleleni :
- inzuzoEzindleleni ezingatholakali njalo noma ezingadini zemvelo, amaqabunga ashiywe elele phansi akhuthaza izilwane zasemhlabathini ezifana nezibungu zomhlaba kanye nomjikelezo wezakhamzimba zemvelo.
- ukuqaliswaShiya amaqabunga kuphela lapho kungekho khona ingozi yokushelela. Uma kudingeka, wakhulule ngomshanelo ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka.
Ukushanela ngesandla esikhundleni sokushanela amaqabunga :
- inzuzoNgokungafani nezifutho zamaqabunga, ezomisa inhlabathi, zilimaze amagciwane futhi zibangele uthuli oluncane, ukushanela ngesandla kuvikela imvelo futhi konge amandla.
- ukuqaliswaSebenzisa umshanelo noma ireki ukususa amaqabunga ezindleleni noma emagcekeni bese uwasebenzisa njengomquba noma izinqwaba zamaqabunga.
Dala izindawo zemvelo :
- inzuzoUkushiya amaqabunga awile engathintekile ezindaweni ezithile zengadi kukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi kunikeza indawo yokuhlala yezinambuzane, izinyoni nezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo.
- ukuqaliswaKhetha ingxenye yengadi noma ipaki "njengekona lasendle" lapho amaqabunga evunyelwe ukubola khona ngokwemvelo.
Ukukhulisa ulwazi kanye nemfundo :
- inzuzo: Ukufundisa abantu ngokubaluleka kwamaqabunga emvelweni kukhuthaza ukuqonda okungcono kanye nesimo sengqondo esihle ngemvelo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezingane.
- ukuqaliswaNikeza ama-workshop noma amabhodi olwazi emapaki achaza ukuthi kungani amaqabunga eshiywa ngemuva noma ukuthi angasetshenziswa kanjani. Izingane zingafunda ngemidlalo yamaqabunga, imisebenzi yezandla, noma amaphrojekthi okufaka umquba.
Qaphela:
- Amaqabunga avela ezihlahleni ezinezifo (isb., lapho kunezikhunta) akufanele afakwe umquba noma afakwe umanyolo, kodwa alahlwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwezifo.
