Kuphrojekthi ephambili ye-"FutureProteins", Izikhungo eziyisithupha ze-Fraunhofer zenze izinhlelo zokulima zasendlini ezivaliwe, ezonga isikhala zokukhiqiza amaprotheni azimele unyaka wonke, isimo sezulu kanye nesizini kusuka kweminye imithombo. Kwesinye isinyathelo, amaprotheni nezinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakala ezitshalweni, isikhunta, ulwelwe, nezinambuzane kwahlanganiswa okokuqala ngqa futhi kwenziwa ama-prototypes okudla. Imikhiqizo emisha ewumphumela kanye nezinye izindlela zenyama zibaluleke kakhulu ngokomsoco.
Izinkinga zemvelo ezikhulayo, izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, kanye nokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi namanzi yizibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo kwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhlinzeka umphakathi ngokudla okunempilo okunempilo kanye namaprotheni ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu kuletha izixazululo zokudla eziqhubekayo ekugxilweni kakhulu. Enye indlela ukuhlola eminye imithombo yamaprotheni engathatha indawo yemikhiqizo yezilwane njengenyama, inhlanzi, amaqanda, nobisi.
Abacwaningi kuphrojekthi ye-Fraunhofer lighthouse "FutureProteins" bagxile kwamanye amaprotheni avela ezitshalweni, izinambuzane, isikhunta, nolwelwe. Ama-Fraunhofer Institutes ayisithupha (bona ngezansi) ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bawo ukuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo imithombo emisha yamaprotheni kusetshenziswa amasistimu okulima asendlini athuthukiswe ngokukhethekile, unyaka wonke, umhlaba, isimo sezulu, kanye nendawo, kanye nokukhiqiza ukudla okuvela kuzo. Isici esiyingqayizivele: Ukusakaza okusemaceleni kusetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza ezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa zamaprotheni - ngokuhambisana ngokuphelele nomnotho oyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ezine zokulima zasendlini - ukulima izitshalo ziqonde mpo, ukufuya izinambuzane, ama-bioreactors esikhunta, nama-photobioreactors okutshalwa kwe-algae - abacwaningi basungule izinhlobonhlobo zokudla okumnandi kwemboni yokudla. Okudaliwe kusuka kumabhega nezinkwa ezingenayo i-gluten kuya kuma-dessert.
“Ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, bekubalulekile kithina ukuthi zonke izinsiza ezisanda kwakhiwa zasendlini zingasetshenziswa kungakhathaliseki indawo, ubukhulu, kanye nenkathi yonyaka, ngaleyo ndlela siqinisekise ukutshalwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene unyaka wonke, endaweni, nangokuqhubekayo,” kusho uDkt. Marc Stift, usosayensi nomxhumanisi womklamo eFraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME in Aachen.
Izitshalo ezine zixhumene: Imifudlana eseceleni evela ezigabeni ezihlukene zokucubungula ingasetshenziswa ukutshala izinhlelo zamaphrotheni ezengeziwe. "Isibonelo, amazambane agaywe kahle ngemuva kokutshala, ukukhipha isitashi namaprotheni. Okusele kuyi-aqueous medium kanye ne-potato pomace. Le pomace yamazambane iqukethe i-fiber, iphrojekthi ehlonzwe njenge-substrate enhle kakhulu yokuvutshelwa kwesikhunta," kuchaza uDkt. Stephanie Mittermaier, umxhumanisi wephrojekthi kanye nososayensi eFraunhofer Institute for Processing EngineeringIVVck Imifudlana eseceleni enothile nge-nitrogen evela ekukhiqizeni izinambuzane ingasetshenziswa futhi njengomanyolo wezitshalo. Izinketho zenyama ye-vegan ezakhiwe e-Fraunhofer IVV zihlanganisa imithombo ehlukene yamaprotheni efana nophizi namakhowe. Umphumela uba ama-burger patties anamanzi anephrofayili ethuthukisiwe yokudla okunempilo.
Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-OrbiPlant® obuthuthukiswe kwa-Fraunhofer IME, abacwaningi baphumelele okokuqala ngqa ukutshala uphizi ngokuphumelelayo endlini. Isimiso esisekelwe kumshini wokuthutha asiqedi nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kodwa futhi senza ukuba kutshalwe ukonga indawo, kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngamaphesenti angu-95 kanye nezimfuneko zikamanyolo ngamaphesenti angu-50. Isistimu ihamba ngephethini efana negagasi, ukuze izitshalo ezifakwe ebhandeni lokuthutha - ngokulandela ukunyakaza kwesistimu - zikhule kokubili phezulu naphansi, ngaleyo ndlela futhi ngephethini efana negagasi, okuvumela ukutshalwa kokulondoloza isikhala. Inzuzo eyodwa yalo mklamo: Isistimu yokukhanyisa esetshenzisiwe ikhanya ezigodini ezidalwe ukunyakaza okuya phansi kwebhande lokuhambisa elimise okwegagasi, okuvumela umoya ukuba ubaleke uye phezulu futhi uvimbele ukwakheka kokushisa okwenzeka ngezakhiwo ezistakiwe ezivamile.
Lolu hlelo luphinde lube nokulawulwa kwesimo sezulu okudidiyelwe, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokupholisa umoya. Njengoba ibhande lokuhambisa liye phezulu naphansi, izitshalo ezimisiwe ziphakelwa i-aeroponics. "I-Aeroponics iyindlela ekhethekile yokulima ye-substrate-free yezitshalo. Izimpande zezitshalo zilenga ngaphakathi kwebhande lokuthutha futhi zifafazwe ngesisombululo samanzi nezakhi. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-hydroponics, lapho izimpande zicwiliswa khona kwisisombululo sezakhi, ukuchelela kwe-aeroponic kunciphisa kakhulu inani lamanzi ohlelweni, "kuchaza i-Stift. Ukulima ngaphandle kwe-substrate kuza nenye inzuzo: Ngokungafani nokutshala imidumba endaweni evulekile, izitshalo zihlanzekile, futhi yonke i-biomass, kuhlanganise namahlamvu nezimpande, ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni amaprotheni ngaphandle kokugeza ngaphambili.
Abacwaningi eFraunhofer IVV in Freising basebenzela ukuthuthukisa ukudla okunekhwalithi ephezulu, okumnandi okuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yamaprotheni. Isikhungo sobuchwepheshe bokudla esinezitshalo zokulinga ezikhona zokukhiqiza ezinye izindlela zenyama nobisi, kanye nezimpahla ezibhakiwe, esizeni esiseduze neMunich sinikeza izimo ezikahle zokuthuthukisa ukudla ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula. Ngenxa yezindlela zokuhlaziya ezisezingeni eliphezulu, abacwaningi bangahlola izinto ezingavuthiwe zomuntu ngamunye ngokuya ngokwakheka kwazo, izici zokusebenza, nezici zezinzwa ezifana nokunambitha nokuhogela. "Inhloso ukuhlanganisa amasistimu amaprotheni kanye nezakhiwo zawo ezingcono kakhulu, azenze zibe ngcono futhi zisebenze, ngaleyo ndlela adale imikhiqizo emisha efana ne-vegan inyama ehlukile," kusho uMittermaier.
Umsebenzi wocwaningo ngaphakathi kwe-FutureProteins uholele ochungechungeni lwezibonelo ezamukelwa kakhulu ngabathengi: Ngaphezu kwama-burger patties nama-meatballs e-vegan enziwe ngengxube ye-pea protein ne-mushroom mycelium, ukunambitheka nephrofayili yephunga elimnandi lesinkwa sezinambuzane ezingenayo i-gluten, ama-dessert kanye nokuphakelwa kuka-ayisikhilimu othambile owenziwe ngamaprotheni ezitshalo ahlukahlukene, kanye nokugcwalisa ipasta nge-algae ene-tarated ngokwedlulele. "Nge-burger patties eyenziwe ngama-peas namakhowe kanye ne-pasta egcwele, sifuna ukukhanga emakethe enkulu. Sibheka izinkwa zezinambuzane kakhulu njengomkhiqizo we-niche, "kusho umcwaningi. "Ama-burger patties afanayo enziwe ngenhlanganisela yemithombo ehlukene yamaprotheni awatholakali ukuze athengwe. Inhlanganisela yamaphizi namakhowe i-mycelium ikhiqiza ikakhulukazi amabhega anamanzi anamazinga anciphe kakhulu okunambitheka kokwenziwa kanye nezithasiselo njengama-hydrocolloid, ngokuvamile afakwa ezindleleni eziningi zokupheka ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zejeli- kanye ne-texture-forming."
U-Mittermaier nethimba lakhe bazokwethula lo msebenzi kanye nomunye wocwaningo embukisweni wezohwebo we-IFFA e-Frankfurt kusukela ngoMeyi 3 kuya ku-8, 2025. Abacwaningi bahlose ukunikeza amalayisense ama-prototypes okudla athuthukisiwe, kanye nezinhlelo ezakhiwe kuphrojekthi, embonini.
Izikhungo ezibambe iqhaza
I-Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen (ukuxhumanisa)
I-Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVV, Freising and Dresden (ukuxhumanisa)
I-Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Stuttgart
I-Fraunhofer Institute for Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation IOSB, Karlsruhe
I-Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Chemnitz
I-Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Oberhausen
Funda futhi
I-GoNina inikeza isisombululo se-AI sokulwa nokulahlwa kokudla | I-Pugnalom
Amakristalu amancane athola ukudla okunamaprotheni okonakele | I-Pugnalom
