Sekuphele amasonto, abatshalizimali belinde izindaba zokusebenza kwesitoko seBayer ngokukhathazeka. Ababukeli babikezela ukuthi umhlangano jikelele waminyaka yonke ozayo ngomhlaka-25 Ephreli uzoletha izinguquko ezinkulu entengo yamasheya. Iqiniso lokuthi i-CEO uBill Anderson ubona "ithunzi elimnyama" lilenga phezu kwenkampani ngenxa yamacala e-glyphosate ayizigidigidi zamaRandi e-US, nokuthi kukhona ingxoxo evulekile mayelana nokuthi i-glyphosate kufanele ithengiswe yini e-US, akusizi isimo seBayer. Kodwa-ke, okwenzekayo manje yilokho kanye okuhlala kumemezela ukuphela: ukuhaha kuvala ingqondo.
Kusobala ukuthi iBayer yazinqoba ngokuthenga kwayo umkhiqizi we-glyphosate waseMelika iMonsanto ngo-2018. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, kwakunezinkantolo eziningi ezazilinde abasebenzisi be-glyphosate abahlushwa umdlavuza, futhi abaphathi ababona kude kwakufanele baqaphele ubukhulu benkinga ekhulayo - ikakhulukazi njengoba, ngokusho kocwaningo oluku-"Environmental Sciences Europe" (2017), ukusetshenziswa kwe-glyphosate emhlabeni wonke kungamathani angaba ngu-826.000 ngonyaka; iJalimane inikela ngesabelo esikhulu ngamathani angaba ngu-5.900. Izibulala-zinambuzane ezisekelwe ku-Glyphosate zisetshenziswa okungenani kanye ngonyaka cishe kumaphesenti angu-40 emasimini eJalimane - e-rapeseed, lesi sibalo cishe singamaphesenti angu-90 . Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glyphosate isetshenziswa njenge-desiccant yokubulala ukhula (desiccation) . Noma ubani oshayela eJalimane evule amehlo uzohlala ehlangana nezindawo ezinkulu zamasimu aphuzi: lokhu kungumsebenzi we-glyphosate nemikhiqizo efanayo (isithombe). Ezolimo ezivamile sezibe umlutha wento ebhubhisa yonke into ngaphandle kwezitshalo eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ngqo ngale njongo: "I-Roundup" kanye nezinye izinhlobo zenza i-tabula rasa ensimini.
Noma yini esetshenziswa njalo kufanele iphele ndawana thize. I-Glyphosate ingenye yalawo makhemikhali anganyamalali nje uma isiqedile umsebenzi wayo. Ngakho-ke, izinsalela ekudleni nasekudleni kwezilwane sezilokhu ziyinkinga isikhathi eside. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi ezolimo ezivamile zihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo eminingi yezitshalo nezilwane, abantu nemfuyo badla lezi zinsalela kanye nezinye cishe kuyo yonke impilo yabo. Ngayinye, lezi zinsalela zingaba ngaphansi komkhawulo osemthethweni ( njengoba i-German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) yanquma ngo-2014 ). Kodwa-ke, kusenokuntuleka kocwaningo ngemiphumela yeminyaka namashumi eminyaka yokusetshenziswa, kanye nemiphumela eqongelelekayo kanye nokusebenzisana namanye amakhemikhali nezinto ezitholakala kuyo yonke indawo.
Izifundo eziningi zihlukanisa i-glyphosate ngokuthi "mhlawumbe ibangela umdlavuza kubantu" (Iqembu 2A) , ngokusekelwe ebufakazini obuvela ezifundweni zezilwane kanye nedatha yabantu. Ikakhulukazi, ama-non-Hodgkin lymphomas ahlotshaniswa ngokuphindaphindiwe nokuvezwa kwe-glyphosate ezifundweni ze-epidemiological. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-glyphosate ingaphazamisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine futhi ibangele ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative emaseli, okungenzeka kube nomthelela ezifweni ezingamahlalakhona esikhathini eside. Ukulimala kwesibindi nezinso, kanye nezinkinga zezinzwa, nakho kuxoxwa ngakho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glyphosate inemiphumela emibi kakhulu emvelweni, ethinta ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nemvelo yomhlabathi kanye neyasemanzini. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-glyphosate inciphisa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni zezolimo ngokulimaza hhayi izitshalo eziqondiwe kuphela kodwa nezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini , izinambuzane , kanye nezinto eziphilayo zomhlaba . Lezi zifundo ziqopha imiphumela eqondile enobuthi, njengokufa kanye nokuphazamiseka kwentuthuko, kanye nemiphumela engaqondile, okuhlanganisa izinguquko zokuziphatha, ukungalingani kwamagciwane ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla, kanye noshintsho ku-glucose kanye ne-lipid metabolism . Akuyona nje i-glyphosate ngokwayo, kodwa futhi nezithasiselo ekwakhekeni okuqukethe i-glyphosate, njenge-POEA (polyethoxylated tallow amines), zinobuthi.
I-Glyphosate ingcolisa imizimba yamanzi namaphethelo enkundla ngokugeleza nokukhukhuleka. Imvelo yasemanzini iyawohloka, nezinga lamanzi liyawohloka. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-glyphosate inomthelela ekuqhutshweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane, i-homogenization, kanye nogwadule: Izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane eziseceleni komhlaba wezolimo, osekuvele kuthinteke kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okukhulu komanyolo owenziwe ngamakhemikhali, kancane kancane kuthathelwa indawo imiphakathi ehlukahlukene, empofu - enomthelela oqondile ebuningini bezilwane zasendle kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasendle, kufaka phakathi izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasendle kanye nezinyosi. Sekuyisikhathi eside lokhu kubonakala yonke indawo: Esikhundleni sendledlana enezimbali nasemaceleni omgwaqo, sibona amathafa anotshani, lapha nalaphaya ahlanganiswe nezimbabazane ezihlabayo, ukhula, noma ichweba, nezinambuzane ezigqamayo njengezimvemvane namabhungane azivamile ukuhlangana nazo emasimini.
Ngokuthathwa kweMonsanto, i-Bayer ayizange nje ithathe ubuholi bemakethe emikhiqizweni equkethe i-glyphosate, kodwa futhi yamukela imiphumela ehlobene yezomthetho nezenhlalo. Kodwa-ke, inkampani ayithweswa icala eYurophu, futhi ngaphandle kwengcindezi yomphakathi ehambisanayo, lokhu akunakwenzeka. Imali eningi isengcupheni. IKhomishini Yezokuncintisana ye-EU bekufanele ingenele ngesikhathi sezingxoxo, futhi iziphathimandla zamazwe ngamazwe zokulwa nokuthembana ezihilelekile, okuhlanganisa ne-German Federal Cartel Office, kwakungafanele zivume ukuhlanganiswa - ikakhulukazi njengoba kwakucacela wonke umuntu ukuthi ukuhlangana kwalokhu kukhula kuzohlanekezela kakhulu izinhlaka ezincintisanayo emakethe yezolimo futhi kusongela "imakethe yamahhala" ehlonishwa kakhulu, kukhinyabeze intengo, nokunciphisa amanani entengo. ukunciphisa ukutholakala kweminye imikhiqizo yabalimi.
Ngakho-ke izinto ziyaqhubeka njengoba bezilokhu zenzeka: Ngokungacacile, imboni ithonya iziphathimandla ezilawulayo ngezifundo ezixhasa futhi igcina ibutho losomaqhinga bezokuxhumana ukuze banciphise izingozi ze-glyphosate. Ukwandiswa kokuvunyelwa kwe-EU kwe-glyphosate ngo-2023, naphezu kokukhathazeka kwesayensi, kukhombisa kakhulu amandla aleli qembu lokuvikela. Futhi ngokungafani nase-US, lapho abalimi abagula kakhulu, abalimi, kanye nabalimi basemasimini benethuba elihle lokuphumelela ngamacala abo afuna izigidi zomonakalo, ubulungiswa kuleli lizwe bushaya indiva. Ngokwezepolitiki, ezinye izindlela ezingaba khona njenge- agroforestry , ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo, ukujikeleziswa kwezitshalo okunwetshiwe kanye nokutshala okumboziwe , i-permaculture kanye nezolimo zasemadolobheni, ukulawulwa kokhula olusebenzisa imishini kanye nokushisa, kanye nezindlela zezinto eziphilayo zishiywa ngaphandle ngamabomu, kuqiniswa kakhulu ukuthembela ku-glyphosate futhi kuvimbele ukuguqulwa okudingekayo ngokushesha kwezolimo ezisimeme.
