Kungani ama-microbiome amathumbu abantu abavela ezifundeni zezimboni nezingezona ezezimboni ehluka? Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiHelmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), kanye ne-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), iNyuvesi yaseTrento, kanye neNyuvesi yaseTübingen, lubonisa ukuthi ukudla kuphela akuchazi umehluko. Ku-gut microbiota eyenziwe ngokwenziwa, ithimba lihlole izingxenye eziningi zokudla futhi lathola ukuthi i-fiber esekelwe ezitshalweni ishintshe ibhalansi yakhetha i-bacterium Segatella copri, evame kakhulu ezifundeni ezingezona ezezimboni. Kodwa-ke, umphumela ubuye waxhomeke ekutheni yimaphi amanye amabhaktheriya akhona. Imiphumela ishicilelwe kumagazini i-Nature Microbiology.
Ukwakheka kwe-microbiome yamathumbu akuxhomekile kuphela kulokho abantu abakudlayo. Amabhaktheriya asevele ekhona kanye nokusebenzisana kwawo nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba ucwaningo lwethimba locwaningo eliholwa nguSolwazi Till Strowig, inhloko yomnyango we-"Microbial Immunoregulation" e-HZI (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research) lubonisa. Besebenzisa izinhlelo zemodeli, abacwaningi baphenye ukuthi izingxenye zokudla zithonya kanjani umncintiswano phakathi kwamaqembu amabili asakazeke kakhulu amabhaktheriya emathunjini. Bagxile ku-Bacteroidaceae, evame kakhulu kubantu abathuthukile, kanye naku-Prevotellaceae, ehlanganisa i-Segatella copri futhi evame kakhulu kubantu abaningi abangezona izimboni.
Ukudla okucebile ezitshalweni sekuyisikhathi eside kuxoxwa ngakho njengencazelo engaba khona yamaphethini e-microbiome ahlukahlukene esifundeni. Kodwa-ke, akwanele njengembangela eyodwa kuphela. "Besifuna ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezithonya ukuncintisana phakathi kwala mabhaktheriya emathunjini," kusho uDkt. Caroline Tawk, omunye wababhali ababili bokuqala balolu cwaningo futhi kuze kube muva nje owayengusosayensi emnyangweni kaStrowig. Esekelwa yisibonelelo esihlanganyelwe esivela ku-HZI kanye ne-EMBL, wachitha izinyanga eziningana enza ucwaningo e-EMBL eHeidelberg, lapho athuthukisa khona isethi yokuhlola ehambisana kakhulu ukuze ahlole izakhi eziningi zokudla.
Okokuqala, ithimba lahlanganisa umphakathi ochaziwe wamagciwane angama-21 amathumbu abantu. Base behlola izingxenye zokudla ezingama-94 kulo mphakathi, ikakhulukazi ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi namavithamini. Ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yezingxenye ezivivinyiwe yakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-S. copri kulo mphakathi. Ithimba lanaka kakhulu i-arabinan, i-carbohydrate etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. I-S. copri, kanye nezinye i-Bacteroidaceae, ingasebenzisa i-arabinan ngqo, ngaleyo ndlela ikhipha inzuzo eqondile yokwanda kwe-S. copri emphakathini. Kodwa-ke, le nzuzo ayizange ibonakale kuzo zonke izimiso zokuhlola. "Lapho sihlanganisa i-S. copri ne-Bacteroidaceae ngaphandle kwamanye amalungu omphakathi wamathumbu, i-S. copri ayizange inqobe naphezu kokuba khona kwe-arabinan," kusho uTawk. "Kuphela lapho sengeza i-Escherichia coli lapho umncintiswano washintsha wakhetha i-S. copri." Amanye ama-Enterobacteriaceae ahlolwe, okuhlanganisa i-Klebsiella ne-Salmonella, nawo asekela i-S. copri ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.
Izinhlobo ze-E. coli ezingakwazi ukugaya ushukela olula okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuqhekeka kwe-arabinan nazo zakhuthaza ukukhula kwe-S. copri. "Ngakho-ke sicabanga ukuthi ukuba khona koshukela—njenge-molecule yokubonisa, hhayi ukusetshenziswa kwawo yi-E. coli—kungase kwanele emphumeleni wokusekela obonakalayo," kusho uDkt. Youssef El Mouli, naye ongumbhali wokuqala walolu cwaningo. Kodwa-ke, indlela eqondile yokusebenza kwama-molecule ayisaziwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba le-HZI, kanye nabacwaningi base-University of Trento, bahlaziye idatha ye-microbiome etholakala esidlangalaleni evela kubantu abadala abanempilo ababalelwa ku-1000. Njengoba bekulindelekile, i-S. copri kanye ne-Enterobacteriaceae zazimelelwe kaningi futhi ngezindlela ezahlukene kubantu abangebona abakhiqizi kumasethi edatha ahlaziyiwe. Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu, inani eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Enterobacteriaceae lalihlotshaniswa nengxenye ephezulu ye-S. copri. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi umphumela obonwe we-Enterobacteriaceae osekela ukukhula kwe-S. copri awugcini nje ngaphansi kwezimo zelebhu kodwa futhi nasemathunjini omuntu.
“Imiphumela yethu ikhombisa ukuthi umphumela wengxenye yokudla akufanele ucatshangelwe wodwa emphakathini wamagciwane okhona,” kufingqa umholi wocwaningo uStrowig. “Ukuthi lolu lwazi lungasetshenziswa yini ezindleleni zokudla okunempilo noma ze-microbiome ezilungiselelwe umuntu ngamunye kuyinto okudingeka siyicacise ezifundweni ezengeziwe.”
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela:
Tawk, C., El Mouali, Y., Huang, KD., Valkiers, S., Heidrich, V., Gronow, A., Osbelt, L., Rapp, J., Link, H., Segata N., Typas, A., Strowig, T.: Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Enterobacteriaceae kanye nezingxenye zokudla kubumba umncintiswano phakathi kwe-Bacteroidales evelele yamathumbu omuntu. Nature Microbiology (2026) DOI: 10.1038/s41564-026-02500-6 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41564-026-02500-6
