Ososayensi e-Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials basungule inqubo yamahhala ye-CO2 neyonga amandla ukuze bakhiphe i-nickel yamabhethri, omagnethi, nensimbi engagqwali.
Ukushintsha kusuka kumafutha emvelo kuya kugesi kuyisici esibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu. I-Nickel ibalulekile ekufakweni kukagesi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezokuthutha kanye nezimboni. I-Nickel iyadingeka kumabhethri, omaginethi, kanye nensimbi engagqwali. Ngokusho kwezibikezelo, isidingo se-nickel kulindeleke ukuthi siphindwe kabili ngo-2040. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-nickel okuvamile okwamanje kukhiqiza cishe amathani angu-20 e-CO2 ngethani le-nickel - umthwalo omkhulu wemvelo. Ososayensi e-Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials (MPI-SusMat) eDüsseldorf manje sebefinyelele intuthuko. Bathuthukise inqubo engenawo i-CO2, eyonga amandla yokukhipha i-nickel evumela ukusetshenziswa kwama-ore ayenganakwa ngaphambili, asezingeni eliphansi.
"Uma siqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-nickel ngendlela evamile futhi siyisebenzisela ukufakwa kukagesi, simane sisusa umthelela wemvelo usuka emkhakheni wezokuthutha uye emkhakheni we-metallurgy," kuchaza u-Ubaid Manzoor, umfundi ofundela ubudokotela e-MPI-SusMat nombhali oholayo wale ncwadi. Ekanye nozakwabo, wenza inqubo lapho i-nickel ikhishwa ores ngesinyathelo esisodwa kusetshenziswa i-hydrogen plasma - ngaphandle kwekhabhoni ngokuphelele. Kubandakanya ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokumbiwa kanye nokuthuthwa kwe-nickel ores, inqubo entsha yehlisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 ngamaphesenti angu-84. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho usebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo, le nqubo ifinyelela kumaphesenti angu-18 ngaphezu kowonga amandla, njengoba ukushisisa nokupholisa okuphindaphindiwe kwezinsimbi, njengoba kuvamile ngezinqubo ezivamile, kugwenywa.
Kuze kube manje, imboni ithembele kakhulu kuma-ore ekhwalithi ephezulu, njengoba ukukhipha i-nickel kuma-ore asezingeni eliphansi kuyinselele kakhulu ngokwezobuchwepheshe. I-nickel yenzeka kuma-silicates ayinkimbinkimbi noma ama-iron oxides. Ngakho-ke izinqubo ezivamile zidinga izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezidinga amandla amaningi: ukubala, ukuncibilikisa, ukunciphisa, nokucwengisiswa. Ngenqubo yabo entsha, ososayensi bakwa-Max Planck bangakwazi futhi ukucubungula ama-ores asezingeni eliphansi—okuhlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angu-60 ezindawo ezigcina i-nickel emhlabeni—kusithando somlilo se-arc sibe umkhiqizo wezinga eliphezulu we-nickel, owaziwa ngokuthi i-ferronickel.
"Ukusebenzisa i-hydrogen plasma nokulawula i-thermodynamics ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo se-arc, siyakwazi ukuguqula isakhiwo se-crystal esiyinkimbinkimbi samaminerali sibe amafomu alula we-ionic - ngisho nangaphandle kwama-catalysts," kuchaza uProfesa Isnaldi Souza Filho, umholi weqembu ku-MPI-SusMat kanye nomlobi ohambisanayo wocwaningo.
Le nqubo ayinciphisi kuphela ukukhishwa kwezinto ezikhishwayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kodwa futhi yandisa ububanzi bezinto ze-nickel ezisebenzisekayo - ukuwina komnotho kanye nemvelo. Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukukala inqubo yokufaka isicelo sezimboni. "Ukuncishiswa kwe-ores kwenzeka kuphela lapho kusabela khona - hhayi kuwo wonke ukugeza okuncibilikisiwe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngezinga lemboni, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuncibilika okungancishisiwe kufinyelele phezulu," kusho uManzoor. "Lokhu kungafezwa kusetshenziswa ama-arc amanje aphezulu, ama-electromagnetic stirring systems, nama-gas pulses." Lezi zindlela sezivele zisungulwe embonini, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanganiswa ezindaweni ezikhona zokukhiqiza.
Inqubo entsha yokukhiqiza i-nickel eluhlaza yakha isisekelo sokufakwa kukagesi okunobungani kwemvelo emkhakheni wezokuthutha. I-ferronickel ewumphumela ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni insimbi engagqwali noma—ngemuva kokucubungula okwengeziwe—kwezinto zebhethri nozibuthe abasebenza kahle kakhulu. I-slag ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokunciphisa ingase iphinde isetshenziswe, isibonelo, nge-samente noma izitini embonini yokwakha. Inqubo iphinde idluliselwe kwezinye izinsimbi ezifana ne-cobalt, nayo edlala indima ebalulekile ku-electromobility kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
U. Manzoor, L. Mujica Roncery, D. Raabe, IR Souza Filho: I-nickel eqhubekayo inikwe amandla ngokuncishiswa kwe-hydrogen. Ku: Imvelo (2025), DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-08901-7
Funda futhi
Umhlaba ongavamile: izinyathelo zokuqala eziqondile eziya emnothweni oyindilinga | I-Pugnalom
