Izidlo ezimbili ezisekelwe ezitshalweni zihlotshaniswa nezinzuzo ezifanayo zokusinda kanye nomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo: I-Planetary Health Diet (PHD) kanye nokudla kwaseMedithera, ngokocwaningo olwethulwe ngo-April 4 ku-European Society of Cardiology's (ESC) Preventive Cardiology 2025 Congress yesayensi.
Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ukudla kunomthelela omkhulu ekufeni kwabantu ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Izilinganiso ziphakamisa ukuthi ukufa okukodwa kwabahlanu ngaphambi kwesikhathi eYurophu kungavinjelwa ngokudla okulungiselelwe.
“I-Planetary Health Diet (PHD) yasungulwa ngo-2019 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokudla okunempilo emhlabeni wonke ngenkathi kugcinwa umthelela wokukhiqizwa kokudla endaweni ezungezile ngaphakathi kwemingcele yeplanethi eqhubekayo,” kusho umlobi wocwaningo uDkt. Mercedes Sotos Prieto wase-Autonomous University of Madrid, eSpain. “Kodwa-ke, bekungekho bufakazi bokuthi i-PHD iqhathaniswa kanjani nokudla kwaseMedithera, ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni okunezinzuzo zempilo nezemvelo ezifakazelwe. Siphenye umthelela wokudla kokubili ekufeni okuphelele kanye nomthelela endaweni ezungezile kubantu abaningi baseSpain.”
Ukudla kwe-PHD kuhilela ukudla okunamandla okungaba ngu-2.500 kcal/ngosuku futhi kugxile kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu kwezithelo nemifino, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane, namafutha angenayo insaturated, ukusetshenziswa okusesilinganisweni kwemikhiqizo yobisi, imifino enesitashi, izinkukhu, nenhlanzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kancane kwamafutha agcwele, inyama ebomvu, noshukela owengeziwe.
Ukudla kwaseMedithera kubonakala ngokudla okucebile (kwenkathi) izithelo nemifino, okusanhlamvu, okusanhlamvu okuphelele namantongomane, namafutha omnqumo njengamafutha okudla okuyinhloko, ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwenyama emhlophe noma enamafutha kunenyama ebomvu noma ecutshunguliwe kanye nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwemikhiqizo yobisi, inhlanzi namaqanda.
Ukuze kuhlaziywe, idatha yokudla eqoqwe kubahlanganyeli abangu-11.488 ku- Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk in Spain (ENRICA) , ucwaningo lweqembu elizoba khona nabantu abaqashwe phakathi kukaJuni 2008 no-Okthoba 2010.4 Inkomba ye-PHD (amaphuzu angu-0-140) yabalwa kumhlanganyeli ngamunye ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamaqembu okudla angu-15: imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu okuphelele, imifino enesitashi, imifino, izithelo eziphelele, imikhiqizo yobisi, inyama ebomvu/ecutshunguliwe, inkukhu nezinye izinkukhu, amaqanda, inhlanzi/inhlanzi enamagobolondo, amantongomane, ama-pulse angewona ama-soy, ubhontshisi/imikhiqizo ye-soy, amafutha agcwele kanye nama-trans engeziwe, amafutha angagcwalisiwe engeziwe, kanye noshukela owengeziwe kanye nejusi yezithelo.
Ukunamathela ekudleni kwaseMedithera kuhlolwe kusetshenziswa amaphuzu angu-14 e-MEDAS (amaphuzu angu-0 kuya kwangu-14), asekelwe ezingxenyeni ezifana nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha omnqumo ekuphekeni nasekufakeni izithako, ukudla inyama emhlophe nokudla kwasolwandle esikhundleni senyama ebomvu, ukudla izithelo, imifino, ubhontshisi, namantongomane, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwemikhiqizo yobisi enamafutha amaningi, izinto ezibhakiwe ezikhiqizwe kwezentengiselwano, kanye neziphuzo ezinoshukela/ezine-carbonated. Imithelela yemvelo yokudla ngakunye ihlolwe kusetshenziswa i -SHARP Indicators Database (SHARP-ID), equkethe idatha ngokukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba. Idatha yokufa ithathwe ku-National Death Index yaseSpain. Ukuhlaziywa kwenziwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokunamathela ekudleni, ngokulungiswa kwezici ezididayo.
Ababambiqhaza bocwaningo babenesilinganiso seminyaka yobudala engama-47,5 (ububanzi: iminyaka eyi-18 kuye kwengama-96), futhi cishe uhhafu (52,5%) kwakungabesifazane. Phakathi nenkathi yokulandelela eyisilinganiso yeminyaka eyi-14,4, inani lokufa kwabantu abayi-1.157 bazo zonke izinhlobo lenzekile.
Ukubambelela kangcono ku-PHD kanye nokudla kwaseMedithera nakho kwahlotshaniswa nokufa kwezimbangela eziphansi. Abahlanganyeli engxenyeni yesithathu ephezulu yabahlanganyeli be-PHD babenengozi ephansi yokufa ngo-22% kunalabo abasendaweni yesithathu ephansi (isilinganiso sengozi esilungisiwe [HR] 0,78; 95% isikhawu sokuzithemba [CI] 0,66-0,91). Ngokudla kwaseMedithera, abahlanganyeli besithathu esiphezulu babenengozi ephansi yokufa engu-21% kunalabo abangaphansi kwesithathu (okulungisiwe i-HR 0,79; 95% CI 0,68-0,93). Ukunamathela kwezinye izingxenye ze-PHD (izithelo, imikhiqizo yobisi, namafutha angagcwalisiwe) kanye nokudla kwaseMedithera (amantongomane, ukusetshenziswa kancane kwesoda namakhekhe) kwakuhlotshaniswa ngokuzimele nokufa okuphansi.
Ngokuphathelene nomthelela wemvelo, kokubili ukudla kwakunesilinganiso esifanayo sokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa esingu-4,15 kg CO₂ ngosuku kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba okumaphakathi okungu-5,54 m² ngokudla kwansuku zonke. Ukudla kwaseMedithera, okuhlanganisa nemikhiqizo yobisi, kwaholela ekukhishweni kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okumaphakathi okungu-4,36 kg CO₂ ngosuku kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba okumaphakathi okungu-5,43 m² ngokudla kwansuku zonke. Imikhiqizo yobisi nenyama yayiyiyona eyayinegalelo elikhulu kulokhu kukhishwa kwegesi.
UDkt. Sotos Prieto waphetha: “Ukunamathela kakhulu kukho kokubili ukudla okudliwayo kwahlotshaniswa ngokufanayo nokuncipha kokufa kwabantu kanye nomthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile, okuqokomisa izinzuzo ezibalulekile zezempilo nezendawo ezungezile ezitholakala ekudleni okusekelwe ezitshalweni.”
ingemuva
I-Planetary Health Diet uhlelo lokudla okunempilo olusekelwe kwesayensi oluvikela impilo yabantu ngenkathi futhi luhlonipha izinsizakusebenza ezincane zomhlaba. Yasungulwa yiKhomishini ye-EAT-Lancet yomhlaba wonke , ihlose ukondla abantu ababalelwa ezigidini eziyi-10 ngendlela eqhubekayo nenempilo ngo-2050.
Izimiso ezibalulekile
- Ukudla okusekelwe ezitshalweni: Izingxenye eziyinhloko yimifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu, imikhiqizo yokusanhlamvu namantongomane
Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo wezilwane: Iqanda eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 ngesonto, ingxenye eyodwa yenyama/inhlanzi ngesonto futhi kungabi ngaphezu kwama-1 g wemikhiqizo yobisi ngosuku.
- Ukunciphisa ushukela nenyama: Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama noshukela kufanele kuncishiswe, futhi lokho kwemifino kanye nama-pulses kufanele kuphindwe kabili.
– Ukusimama: Ukubeka phambili imikhiqizo yesifunda neyesizini ukuze kongiwe i-CO₂ kanye nezinsizakusebenza
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
U-Aznar de la Riera MDC, u-Ortolá R, uKales SN, nabanye. Umthelela wezempilo kanye nokudla okunempilo: Ukudla kwempilo yeplanethi vs. Ukudla kwaseMedithera. Iqembu likazwelonke eSpain. I-Sci Total Environ. 2025;968:178924.
Funda futhi
