Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta okwenziwa abacwaningi base-Senckenberg okushicilelwe kujenali ethi "Scientific Reports" kubonisa ukuthi ukuminyana kwezikelemu zomhlaba, i-biomass, nokunotha kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuphansi kakhulu emhlabeni wokulima osetshenziswa kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nemvelo engaphazanyiswa. Lokhu kubangelwa izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali, ukulinywa okuqinile, nokucinana kwenhlabathi, kuyilapho izinqubo ezisimeme ezifana ne-agroforestry noma insimu engafusi enokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali okwehlisiwe kunemiphumela emihle. Lolu cwaningo lugcizelela ukuthi ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwezikelemu kuyisici esibalulekile kwezolimo ezisimeme.
Iminyundu (i-Lumbricidae) idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni inhlabathi enempilo: Ithuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, inothisa inhlabathi ngemisoco ebalulekile ngokujikijelwa kwezikelemu ezinomsoco, futhi isiza ekusakazeni amagciwane abalulekile enhlabathini nawo abalulekile ekuvundeni. Ngakho-ke umsebenzi wezikelemu ukhuthaza inhlabathi enempilo - isisekelo sezolimo ezikhiqizayo nezisimeme," kuchaza uDkt. Andrey Zaytsev waseSenckenberg Museum of Natural History eGörlitz, enezela: "Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinqubo zesimanje zezolimo zingabeka usongo olukhulu ezimvinini. ukwehla kwezikelemu, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kubeke engcupheni ukuvunda kwenhlabathi nokuzinza kwemvelo."
U-Zaitsev, kanye noDkt. Bibiana Betancur-Corredor, owayese-Senckenberg Görlitz futhi manje osesikhungweni sokucwaninga ngentuthuko (i-ZEF), kanye noDkt. David J. Russell, ivolontiya lase-Görlitz, benze ukuhlaziya okwengeziwe ukuze baphenye imiphumela yokusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zezikelemu. Abacwaningi baqhathanisa izimiso zemvelo ezingaphazanyiswa—indawo enotshani nehlathi eliyinhloko—nezindawo ezihlukahlukene zokulima. "Sihlaziye idatha evela ekushicilelweni okungu-113 nasemazweni angu-44 futhi sakwazi ukwenza iziqhathaniso ezingu-1040 zokuminyana kwezikelemu kanye ne-biomass, kanye neziqhathaniso ezingu-536 zokuhlukahluka kwezikelemu zomhlaba," kunezela i-Betancur-Corredor. Ithimba liphinde laphenya izinga lapho imiphumela yokusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo ezilwaneni incike enhlabathini, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha ezibikwe ezifundweni.
Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ukuminyana kwezikelemu emhlabeni okulinywayo kuphansi ngamaphesenti angu-18, i-biomass iphansi ngamaphesenti angu-15, kanti ukunotha kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuphansi ngamaphesenti angu-27 kunezindawo ezingaphazanyiswa. "Ukuhlaziywa kwethu kwe-meta kubonisa umthelela ojulile wokusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo ezixukwini zezikelemu emhlabeni ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze-agroecosystem. Imithelela emibi ebonwa emhlabeni olimekayo olawulwa kakhulu igcizelela ubungozi benqwaba yezikelemu eziphazamisweni zangaphandle," kuchaza u-Zaytsev. Kodwa-ke, izinqubo ezithile zezolimo, ezifana ne-agroforestry kanye nokusetshenziswa komhlaba ongatshaliwe, kuhlangene nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali, kunamandla okunciphisa le mithelela emibi, kusho ucwaningo. Izifunda ezinesimo sezulu sasezwekazini esibonakala ngokuba nehlobo elipholile nazo zikhombisa imiphumela encomekayo ebuningini beminyundu, kuyilapho ukuminyana kwenhlabathi eningi kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwezinto eziphilayo kubhebhethekisa imiphumela emibi yokusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo.
"Ukuze kuvikelwe ukuhlukahluka kwezikelemu kanye nemisebenzi ye-ecosystem yenhlabathi, ukuphathwa kwezolimo kufanele kucabangele ukuhlukahluka kwesimo sezulu sesifunda kanye nezakhiwo zomhlabathi. Ukugcina izibungu zomhlaba kuyisici esibalulekile sokulima okusimeme-izilwane zidlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yenhlabathi kanye nokuqina kwesimiso sezinto eziphilayo. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziphelele, singanciphisa imithelela engemihle futhi sikhuthaze ukongiwa kwe-earthworms, ukuhlukahluka kwenhlabathi ye-earthworm, ukuhlukahluka kwenhlabathi yezolimo, wonke umuntu uzuzisa umhlabathi we-earthscaperm. kuphetha uZaytsev.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
UBetancur-Corredor, B., uZaitsev, A. kanye noRussell, DJ Umthelela wokusetshenziswa komhlaba kwezolimo okuningi ekusekeleni imiphakathi yemibungu ezindaweni zezolimo – Ukuhlaziywa kwe-meta yomhlaba wonke. I-Sci Rep 14, 30160 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81676-5
