Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kumagazini i-"Nature" ngo-Ephreli 2025 luqinisekisa ukwehla okukhulu kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo endaweni yezolimo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kokhula olulinywayo njenge-corn cockle ( Agrostemma githago ), i-field larkspur ( Consolida regalis ), kanye ne-pheasant's-eye ( Adonis spp. ). Ithimba locwaningo lwamazwe ngamazwe, eliholwa nguMeelis Pärtel wase-University of Tartu, lihlole izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-5.400 ezifundeni ezingu-119 emhlabeni jikelele, kufaka phakathi amasimu amaningi eYurophu Ephakathi. Okutholakele kukhombisa ukuthi umthelela wabantu ngezolimo ezijulile, ukuvalwa komhlaba, kanye nokubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala okubangelwa izindawo zokuhlala kanye nengqalasizinda kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kokwehlukahluka kwezitshalo. Ngenkathi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezinhlobo zezitshalo ezingaba khona zisesekhona ezifundeni ezingathinteki kakhulu, isilinganiso sazo sehla sibe ngaphansi kwengxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.
Lolu cwaningo lwethula umqondo "wokuhlukahluka okumnyama," ochaza izinhlobo ezingaba khona esifundeni kodwa ezingekho endaweni ngenxa yokuhlukana kwezindawo zokuhlala, ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kokubulala ukhula, noma ukuntuleka kwezindlela zokusabalala. Ukhula olukhula kahle luthinteka kakhulu, ngisho nasezindaweni ezingalinywanga. Ukuncipha kwalo kubangela ukusabela kweketanga, njengoba izinyosi zasendle ezikhethekile, izimvemvane, nezinyoni zasepulazini ezithembele kulezi zitshalo nazo ziyanyamalala. Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi ukulahlekelwa okunjalo kuye kwavame ukunganakwa ezibalweni zokulondolozwa kwangaphambilini. Ukuze bamise lokhu kwehla, babiza izinyathelo eziphuthumayo njengokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe kwezindawo eziseduze nemvelo, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kanye nokukhuthaza okuhlosiwe kokhula olukhula kahle. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zisekhona esifundeni, kodwa ithuba lokubuyiselwa livalwa ngokushesha, njengoba ukuphela okuphelele sekuseduze.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
Pärtel, M. et al. (2025): "Ubumpofu bomhlaba wonke bezimila zemvelo ezivezwa ukuhlukahluka okumnyama", Imvelo.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08814-5
ingemuva
Ukhula olulinywayo – olwaziwa nangokuthi izimbali zasendle noma izinhlobo ezihlukene – luphakathi kwamaqembu ezitshalo ezisengozini kakhulu eYurophu Ephakathi. Kusukela ngawo-1950, izifundo zesayensi kanye ne-Red Lists zibhale ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lezinhlobo kanye nobuningi babantu ngabanye endaweni yezolimo. Ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-40 ezinhlobo ezitholakala emasimini zibhekwa njengezisengozini; ukhula oluningi olwalusakazeke kakhulu selunyamalele ezingxenyeni ezinkulu zaseYurophu noma lubhalwe ohlwini lwezinhlu ezibomvu zezwe kanye nezesifunda.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu kwehla zisekuqinisweni kwezolimo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kanye nomanyolo wokwenziwa, ukulawulwa kokhula okuphumelelayo, kanye nokunciphisa izindawo zokuhlala ezindaweni ezingafaneleki kanye nezindawo ezimbalwa ezingalinywanga. Ngokusho kocwaningo, lokhu kuholele ekunciphiseni ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo ngaphakathi kwamasimu ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-71 kusukela ngawo-1950, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela, ikakhulukazi ezincintisana kakhulu, zande.
Ngokuqondile, ukhula lwensimu olulandelayo lubhekwa (kakhulu) olusengozini noma olunciphayo:
- Ukhokhovula (I-Agrostemma githago)
Yake yasakazeka, namuhla ayivamile kakhulu noma yashabalala cishe yonke indawo. Iwuhlobo oluhlosiwe lwezinhlelo eziningi zokongiwa kwezilwane kanye nomphakeli obalulekile wempova wezinyosi zasendle.. - I-Field Larkspur (ihlanganisa i-regalis)
Inani labantu liyehla kakhulu, Ohlwini Olubomvu Lwezilwane Ezisengozini EJalimane (Izinga 3), umthombo obalulekile wompe wezinyosi zasendle nezinyosi ehlobo.. - I-Adonis yasehlobo (I-Adonis aestivalis)
Isengozini enkulu, ekuwohlokeni okukhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ibaluleke kakhulu ezinambuzaneni ezikhethekile futhi iqukethe ama-glycosides enhliziyo ahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka kwezinye izilwane.. - Isibuko Sabesifazane Sangempela (I-Legousia speculum-veneris)
Esatshiswa kulo lonke elaseJalimane, kakade wanyamalala emikhakheni eminingi. Umthombo obalulekile we-nectar wezinyosi zasendle ezihlukahlukene.. - I-Venus crest (Scandix pecten-veneris)
Okungavamile, okusengozini enkulu futhi kuqhubeka nokuncipha. - Indlebe yomvundla enamahlamvu ayindilinga (I-Bupleurum rotundifolium)
Isici, manje esingavamile, uhlobo lwendawo eyomile yaseMedithera. Ihlinzeka ngesembozo sezinambuzane kanye nezinsiza ezikhethekile zefolishi.. - I-Cornflower (I-Centaurea cyanus)
Futhi ekuwohlokeni (okubuye kusebenze ku-corn poppy ezindaweni eziningi). I-Cornflower ibaluleke kakhulu ezinyosini, ama-hoverflies, izimvemvane, nezinye izinambuzane eziningi njengomthombo wompe nempova..
Ezinye izinhlobo ezisengozini ezivame ukugqanyiswa ezincwadini zesayensi zifaka, isibonelo, i-field buttercup ( Ranunculus arvensis ), i-field star-of-Bethlehem ( Gagea arvensis ), i-pheasant's-eye ( Adonis flammea ), i-field black cumin ( Nigella arvensis ), noma izinhlobo ezinamaqhubu njenge-wild tulip ( Tulipa sylvestris ).
Ukubaluleka kwalolu khula olulinywayo ezinambuzaneni nakwezinye izilwane kuningi kakhulu: luyizitshalo zokudla ezibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyosi zasendle, izimvemvane, izinyosi ezincane, kanye nezimbungulu, futhi luhlinzeka ngokudla okubalulekile kanye nesembozo sezinhlobo zezinyoni ezifana ne-skylarks, i-partridges, kanye ne-yellowhammers . Ukuncipha kokhula olulinywayo kuthinta ngqo ukuhlukahluka kwezinambuzane futhi kunemiphumela emibi kwamanye amalungu ochungechunge lokudla, njengezinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Imithombo/ukufunda okwengeziwe
Contents_213x300.indd (Incwajana ewusizo ethi “Ukwethulwa kabusha kwezinto ezingavamile nezisengozini
Amakhambi asendle emapulazini aphilayo)
Amasimu - Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo
Ukukhuthaza amakhambi asendle - Incwajana yolwazi lwabalimi.pdf
Impumelelo ekuvikeleni i-segetal flora - ukongiwa kwemvelo kanye nokuhlelwa kwendawo
Ukhula lwasensimini - izinsongo nokuvikelwa
Funda futhi
Olunye ucwaningo lufakazela: Ukulima okwengeziwe kwemvelo - izinyosi zasendle eziningi | I-Pugnalom
Amazwana: Ezindaweni eziningi, izikhala eziluhlaza ziyizingane zokutholwa zokuphatha | I-Pugnalom
