Izinambuzane ziwuhlobo oluhamba phambili lwempilo yezilwane emhlabeni wethu, zisiza ukusekela abantu nezilwane zasendle ngokusebenzisa impova yazo, ukudla, kanye nezinkonzo zokugaywa kabusha. Naphezu kokukhathazeka ngokuncipha kwenani labantu, kuncane okwaziwayo ngesiphetho samaphesenti angu-99 ezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke.
Ngokusho kocwaningo oluholwa yi-UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH) kanye ne-ZSL (Zoological Society of London), kudingeka indlela entsha yokuqapha kangcono izinhlobo zezilwane nokuzivikela ngokushesha okukhulu emiphumeleni yesimo sezulu kanye nokushintsha kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukungcola kanye nezinhlobo ezingezona ezomdabu ezihlaselayo.
Abacwaningi bakhomba ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezinambuzane eziyisigidi ezaziwayo emhlabeni wonke, kodwa iphesenti elilodwa kuphela kwezinhlobo ezingu-12.100 ezinokuhlolwa kwe -IUCN , kanti cishe amaphesenti angu-20 alezi zinhlobo abhekwa njengasengozini. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha kukhawulelwe kakhulu ezimvemvaneni, izinyosi ezinkulu, kanye nezimpukane ezingxenyeni zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, kuyilapho kuncane okwaziwayo ngezinambuzane ezingxenyeni zase-Asia naseNingizimu Melika, futhi cishe akukho datha ekhona ngezinhlobo zase-Afrika.
Naphezu kobufakazi bokuncipha kwezinambuzane eziyinhlekelele, isimo somhlaba wonke sokuhlukahluka kwezinambuzane asikacaci, ngokusho kwababhali bocwaningo. Lokhu kungenxa yenkimbinkimbi yemijikelezo yokuphila kwezinambuzane, izitayela ezishintshashintshayo zabantu, kanye nokuntuleka okukhulu kwedatha.
Ocwaningweni lwabo, baphakamisa uhlaka olusha lokuqapha inani labantu nokuhlaziya imiphumela yezinsongo, bahlanganise zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo zokufunda izinambuzane. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukuqhathanisa ukuhlukahluka nobuningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nakuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala ezahlukene, ukuthola imibono yochwepheshe, kanye nokwenza izivivinyo.
UDkt. Rob Cooke, i-ecology modeler e-UKCEH futhi ongomunye wababhali abaholayo balolu cwaningo, wachaza: "Kudingeka siqonde ukuthi ukuncipha kwezinambuzane kusabalele yini nokuthi ziyini izimbangela. Izinkinga zifana ne-jigsaw puzzle enkulu enezinkulungwane zezicucu ezingekho, kodwa asikwazi ukulinda amashumi eminyaka ukuze sigcwalise lezo zikhala bese sithatha isinyathelo." Nakuba kunesithakazelo esikhulu ekuqapheni izinhlobo ze-charismatic ezifana nezinyosi nezimvemvane, bambalwa abantu abanesithakazelo ezinambuzaneni okuthiwa azijabulisi, nakuba nazo zinezinzuzo ngathi. Ama-earwig, isibonelo, adla ama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane, kuyilapho amaphela adla izinto ezibolayo futhi agcina inhlabathi inempilo.
UDkt. Charlotte Outhwaite we-Institute of Zoology at ZSL, umbhali ngokubambisana walolu cwaningo, uyanezela: “Izinambuzane ziyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemvelo yethu, zithulisa impova cishe amaphesenti angu-80 ezinhlobo zezitshalo eziqhakazayo futhi zibalulekile kumaphesenti angu-35 okukhiqizwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke, kodwa azinakwa futhi azibhekwa njengezibalulekile.”
Ngokuchazwa kwezinhlobo eziyisigidi, kuzothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi yini esebenza kangcono ohlotsheni ngalunye. Kunalokho, ithimba locwaningo lifuna ukuthola ukungenelela okukhulu okuzuzisa izinambuzane eziningi. Ababhali bocwaningo bachaza ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi, uma ingekho idatha, ochwepheshe bazohlola umthelela wesimo sezulu, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukungcola, noma izinhlobo zezilwane zangaphandle ezihlaselayo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni eyaziwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane ezifanayo. Uhlaka abaluphakamisayo luzobandakanya izinhlobo ezine zezindlela zocwaningo:
- Amathrendi ochungechunge lwesikhathi, isb., ukwehla kwenani lezimvemvane esikhathini esiyiminyaka eyi-10.
- Ukuqhathanisa kwendawo, njengokuhlola umehluko enanini noma ngobuningi bezinhlobo zezilwane ezindaweni ezihlukene noma izifunda.
- Ukuhlolwa kokucwaninga ukusabela kwezinambuzane ezinsongweni ezihlukahlukene, njengokuqhathanisa insimu efafazwe ngezibulala-zinambuzane naleyo engenazo, noma ukususa izinhlobo zezilwane zangaphandle ezihlaselayo endaweni ethile kodwa hhayi kwenye.
- Imibono yochwepheshe mayelana nendlela izinambuzane ezisabela ngayo ezinsongweni, njengososayensi obonisa ukuthi izimvemvane zitholakala kakhulu emahlathini ashisayo kunamakhaza.
Ngokuhlanganisa idatha evela kuhlu lwemithombo, ososayensi bangathola isithombe esiphelele sokuthi izinambuzane zisabela kanjani ezicini zoshintsho, kuyilapho bembula ukungaqiniseki kanye nezikhala zedatha. Isinyathelo esilandelayo, wathi, ukusebenzisa izindlela zocwaningo ezehlukene ukuze kube yisibonelo sokuphendula kwezinambuzane ezinsongweni ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlanganisa yonke idatha etholakalayo kuzonikeza umbono wakamuva wesimo sezinambuzane emhlabeni wonke.
Izikhungo ezibambe iqhaza
Iphrojekthi yeGlobal Insect Threat-Response Synthesis (GLiTRS) ibandakanya i-UKCEH, i-Natural History Museum, i-University College London, i-Zoological Society yaseLondon, i-University of Cambridge, i-Queen Mary University yaseLondon, i-University of Stellenbosch, i-University of Reading, i-University of Exeter kanye ne-Imperial College yaseLondon.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
Cooke, Outhwaite et al. 2025. Ukuhlanganisa imithombo eminingi yobufakazi ukuze kuqondwe ushintsho lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinambuzane. Isayensi . I-DOI: 10.1126/science.adq2110
Funda futhi
