Izimila zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezithonywe kakhulu imisebenzi yabantu, ngokuvamile azinazo izinhlobo eziningi ezingase zenzeke lapho endaweni yazo yokuqala. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi "izinhlobonhlobo ezimnyama" kwahlaziywa emhlabeni wonke ocwaningweni olusha oluholwa yiNyuvesi yaseTartu (Estonia) futhi lwanyatheliswa ku-"Nature." Ososayensi baseNyuvesi yasePotsdam baba nesandla ocwaningweni, olugqamisa ukubaluleka kokulondoloza nokuvikela imvelo ngaphandle kweziqiwi.
Ososayensi abangaphezu kuka-200 abavela kubambiswano locwaningo lwe -DarkDivNet , okuhlanganisa nabacwaningi abavela kwi-Institute of Biochemistry and Biology e-University of Potsdam, bafunde izitshalo ezindaweni ezingaba ngu-5.500 ezifundeni ezingu-119 emhlabeni jikelele. Endaweni ngayinye, abacwaningi baqopha zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo futhi bathola ukuhlukahluka okumnyama - izinhlobo zendabuko ezingaphila lapho kodwa ezingekho. Bakwazile ukubamba amandla aphelele okuhlukahluka kwezitshalo endaweni ngayinye futhi banqume ukuthi kungakanani lokhu kuhlukahluka okungenzeka okwakukhona ngempela. Lokhu kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwembula imiphumela efihliwe yemisebenzi yabantu ezitshalweni zemvelo. “Kuze kube manje, izifundo zemvelo zigxile ekuhlaziyeni izinhlobo ezikhona endaweni. Ukushintsha umbono nokubuza ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezingekho nokuthi kungani kuvumela ukuqonda okujulile kwezinqubo eziqhuba ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zamanje,” kusho uDkt. Kolja Bergholz weqembu locwaningo lwe-Vegetation Ecology and Nature Conservation, ongumbhali ohlangene walolu cwaningo.
Ezifundeni ezinokuminyana kwabantu abaphansi kanye noshintsho oluncane lokusebenzisa umhlaba, i-ecosystem ngokuvamile iqukethe ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo zezilwane ezingase zifaneleke. Ngokuphambene, i-ecosystem ezifundeni ezithonywa kakhulu imisebenzi yabantu ibamba ubuningi bohlobo olulodwa kweziyisihlanu ezingaba khona. Izilinganiso ezivamile zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo azikwazanga ukuthwebula le miphumela ngenxa yokuthi ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuma-ecosystem ahlukene kusibekela izinga langempela lethonya lomuntu. U-Kolja Bergholz uyabika: "Ocwaningweni, siqoqe idatha ezifundeni ezimbili ezihluke kakhulu: isifunda sase-Uckermark eBrandenburg nasesiqhingini saseRhodes eGreece. Ukuqhathanisa kwasijabulisa kakhulu ngoba kwembule amaphethini ebesingawalindele." Abacwaningi babazi kusengaphambili ukuthi izitshalo zaseMedithera zicebile kakhulu kunezinhlobo zezwe ezisetshenziswa kakhulu eCentral Europe. Kodwa-ke, kwaphinde kwaboniswa ukuthi izinhlobo zaseRhodes zisakazwa ngendlela efanayo kuyo yonke indawo, okusho ukuthi ukuhlukahluka okumnyama kuphansi kunaseBrandenburg.
Umlobi oholayo uProfesa Meelis Pärtel ufingqa: "Ukuphazamiseka kwabantu kunomthelela omkhulu kakhulu kunalokho okwakucatshangwa ngaphambili, ngisho nokufinyelela ezindaweni ezivikelekile. Siphinde sathola ukuthi umthelela omubi wemisebenzi yabantu awubonakalanga kangako lapho okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yesifunda esizungezile ihlala ingakathintwa, isekela umgomo wembulunga yonke wokuvikela amaphesenti angu-30 wendawo esemhlabeni."
Ukusebenzisana kwe-DarkDivNet kwaqala ngo-2018, ngokusekelwe embonweni ka-Pärtel nabanye ozakwabo. Uyakhumbula: "Sase sethule inkolelo-mbono yokuhlukahluka okumnyama futhi sathuthukisa izindlela zokuyicwaninga, kodwa ukuze senze ukuqhathanisa komhlaba wonke, sasidinga amasampula angaguquki ezifundeni eziningi. Lokhu kwakubonakala kungenakwenzeka, kodwa ozakwethu abaningi abavela emazwenikazi ahlukene basijoyina." Umqondo wokuhlukahluka okumnyama uyithuluzi elisebenzayo labalondolozi bemvelo ukuze bakhombe izinhlobo ezifanele ezilahlekile futhi balandelele inqubekelaphambili ekubuyiselweni kwe-ecosystem.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
UPärtel, M., R. Tamme, CP Carmona, et al. (2025). “Ukuhlupheka komhlaba wonke kwezitshalo zemvelo okwembulwa ukuhlukahluka okumnyama,” Imvelo
ingemuva
Ububanzi nesivinini sokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane
Ngokwezilinganiso ezilinganiselayo, amazinga okuphela kwezilwane ezinomgogodla aphezulu ngokuphindwe kasishiyagalombili kuya ku-53 kunezinga lokuphela kwemvelo lezehlakalo ezimbili zokuphela kwezinhlobo eziyi-10.000 ngekhulu leminyaka (E/MSY). Kwabaphila emanzini nasemanzini, amazinga afinyelela ezingeni lemvelo ngokuphindwe kayi-100. Ngokwamarekhodi esayensi abonisa , izinhlobo zezilwane ezinomgogodla ezingu-477 sezinyamalele kusukela ngo-1900, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezingu-69, izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-80, kanye nezinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini ezingu-146. Ngisho nasezindaweni ezivikelwe, ukwehla okukhulu kwezinhlobo kuyabonakala: olunye ucwaningo luthole ukuthi inani eliphelele lezinambuzane ezindizayo lehle ngamaphesenti angu-75 phakathi neminyaka engu-27.
Imithelela ye-ecosystem
Uma izitayela zamanje ziqhubeka ngesivinini sokuphela kwezinhlobo ezingu-3,6 ngonyaka - futhi kungekho zindlela zokulwa ezisebenzayo ezibonakalayo njengamanje - amaphesenti angu-75 azo zonke izinhlobo zisengozini yokuphela, isimo esifana nokuphela kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-paleontological. Okwamanje kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziyisigidi zisengozini yokushabalala ngokushesha.
Ukuphela kwezinhlobo kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-biomass ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-30 kanye nokuvuselelwa kwezakhamzimba ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-4. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukumelana nemvelo ezinkingeni zesimo sezulu kwehla kakhulu.
Abantu bayimbangela yokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo. Ukubhujiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala kuyimbangela yokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo ezingamaphesenti angama-50 . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, kanye nokuhweba kwayo kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezokuvakasha, kwenza kube lula ukufuduka kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo; lezi zimbangela yokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo ezingamaphesenti angama-30. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusheshisa izinto ezibangela ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba. Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi nezilwane ezincelisayo, kunegalelo elikhulu kule nkinga.
