Labo abaphefumula umoya ongcolile iminyaka basengozini enkulu yezifo ezihlukahlukene. Izingxenye ezisebenza kakhulu entweni eyizinhlayiya zisolwa ngokushintsha izinqubo emzimbeni. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseBasel manje sebebonise ukuthi zona kanye lezi zingxenye ziyahwamuka phakathi namahora, ngakho izilinganiso zangaphambilini ziye zawabukela phansi ngokuphelele amazinga azo.
Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezingamahlalakhona, izifo zenhliziyo, ngisho nesifo sikashukela kanye ne-dementia: umonakalo empilweni obangelwa ukungcola kwezinto ezincane uhlukahlukene futhi uyingozi. I-World Health Organization (WHO) ilinganisela ukuthi ukufa okungaphezu kwezigidi eziyisithupha kubangelwa ukwanda kokuchayeka ezintweni ezincane minyaka yonke . Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwalezi zinhlayiya ezincane eziphuma emoyeni, ezivela emithonjeni eyenziwe ngumuntu kanye nemvelo, kuhlukahluka kakhulu. Yiziphi izinhlayiya ezibangela ukusabela emzimbeni, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yiziphi izifo, kuyisihloko socwaningo olunzulu.
Kugxilwe ezingxenyeni ezisebenzayo ikakhulukazi, ezaziwa emibuthanweni yesayensi njengama-radicals komoyampilo noma "uhlobo lwe-oxygen esebenzayo." Lezi zingasabela ngama-biomolecules ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwamaseli asemgudwini wokuphefumula—ochwepheshe babhekisela kulokhu ngokuthi “i-oxidation”—futhi ngaleyo ndlela kulimaze, okungase kubangele ukusabela kokuvuvukala futhi kube nemiphumela kuwo wonke umzimba.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi baqoqe izinto ezithile ezihlungini futhi bahlaziya izinhlayiya ngokubambezeleka kwezinsuku kuye emavikini. “Ngenxa yokuthi la ma-radicals komoya-mpilo asabela ngokushesha kangaka namanye ama-molecule, kuyodingeka alinganiswe ngaphandle kokulibala,” kuchaza usosayensi womkhathi uProfesa uDkt. Markus Kalberer. Ithimba elivela eMnyangweni wezeSayensi yezeMvelo lisungule indlela entsha yokukala i-particle ngemizuzwana nje. Izinhlayiya ziqoqwa ngokuqondile emoyeni oketshezini. Lapho bahlangana namakhemikhali ahlukahlukene. Ama-radicals komoyampilo ayasabela kulesi sixazululo futhi akhiqize amasiginali we-fluorescence alinganisekayo.
Izilinganiso zisebenzisa le ndlela entsha zibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-99 ama-radicals komoya-mpilo ayanyamalala phakathi nemizuzu noma amahora. Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambilini kwezinhlayiyana ezisekelwe emalini yokuhlunga kunikeze isithombe esihlanekezelwe. "Ngenxa yokuthi iphutha lokulinganisa ekuhlaziyeni okubambezelekile alishintshi, alikwazi ukubalwa kalula," kusho uKalberer. Ingxenye yangempela yezinto eziyingozi ku-particle iphezulu kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambilini.
Ngokuka-Kalberer, inselele ngale ndlela entsha ngokuyinhloko kwakuwukwenza idivayisi yokulinganisa ngokuzenzakalelayo nangokuqhubekayo yenza ukuhlaziya kwamakhemikhali ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzile, hhayi elabhorethri kuphela kodwa nangesikhathi sokukalwa kwensimu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwaselabhorethri olunamaseli e-epithelial yamaphaphu luphinde lwanikeza ubufakazi bokuthi izingxenye ezihlala isikhathi esifushane, ezisebenza kakhulu ze-particle, ikakhulukazi, zisebenza ngendlela ehlukile kunezinhlayiya ezihlaziywe ngezilinganiso ezibambezelekile zangaphambilini. Izinhlayiya ezihlala isikhathi esifushane zadala ukusabela okuhlukile nokushube kakhulu kokuvuvukala.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo sizobandakanya ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa idivayisi yokulinganisa ukuze uthole imininingwane ejulile ngokwakheka kanye nemithelela yento eyingcosana. "Uma sikala ingxenye yezingxenye ezisebenza kakhulu, eziyingozi ngokunembe kakhulu nangokuthembekile, singasebenzisa nezinyathelo ezingcono zokuvikela," kusho uKalberer.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
USteven J. Campbell nabanye. “Izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezihlala isikhathi esifushane zinegalelo elikhulu ku-particulate matter oxidative potential”. Science Advances (2025), doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adp8100
Funda futhi
Umoya wedolobha laseHamburg ungcoliswe kakhulu ngamaplastiki amancane | I-Pugnalom
