Emadolobheni amaningi kanye nomasipala baseJalimane, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-top-topping" yezihlahla kusewumkhuba ovamile. Lokhu kuhilela ukususa ngokuphelele ingxenye enkulu ye-treetop, ngokusikeka okuningi nokukhulu, okuvame ukudlulela okhunini oludala. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lukhombisa ukuthi lo mkhuba awufinyezi nje kuphela ngokuphawulekayo isikhathi sokuphila kwezihlahla, kodwa futhi udala umonakalo ongenakulungiseka wemvelo futhi ungazinaki izinzuzo zenhlalakahle yezihlahla.
Ucwaningo, okuhlanganisa nalolo olwenziwa yi-Technical University of Munich (TUM), lubonisa ukuthi ukuthenwa komqhele ngokukhulu kukhawulela kakhulu i-photosynthesis ngoba kunciphisa kakhulu isisindo samaqabunga, okubalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla esihlahla. Lokhu kwenza buthaka ukumelana nezifo, izinambuzane, kanye nokucindezeleka kwendawo ezungezile, osekuvame kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ngezikhathi zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I-German Tree Care Association (DGB) ikhomba ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi i-topping kuholela engozini eyengeziwe yokubola ezindaweni ezisikiwe, njengoba izilonda ezinkulu ngokuvamile zingapholi ngokwanele. Nakuba - njengasesithombeni sethu - ezinye izihlahla zibonisa izindawo ezifile ngonyaka ngemva kwenqubo, ezinye zizama ukunxephezela ukulahlekelwa ngokukhiqiza amagatsha amaningi, amancane futhi abuthakathaka - isenzo sokuphelelwa ithemba ukugwema indlala. Lawa amahlumela amasha, nokho, awabambeki kahle esisekelweni kangangokuthi ingozi yokuphuka iyanda kakhulu, ngisho nasemoyeni omncane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthenwa komqhele kufinyeza isikhathi sokuphila kwezihlahla - ukulahlekelwa okubucayi, njengoba izihlahla zasemadolobheni ezinempilo zibalulekile ngezikhathi zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokombono wezemvelo, ukuthena kulimaza nemvelo. Ngokusho kwe-German Federal Environment Agency (UBA), ama-canopy ezihlahla anempilo ahlinzeka ngendawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, izinambuzane, nezilwane ezincane ezincelisayo. Ukuthena okukhulu kubhubhisa lezi zindawo zokuhlala, kubeke engcupheni ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunciphisa kakhulu ikhono lezihlahla lokumunca i-CO₂ nokuhlunga izinhlayiya. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) lubonisa ukuthi isihlahla esisodwa esivuthiwe singamunca amathani afinyelela ku-10 e-CO₂ ngonyaka. Izinzuzo ezinikezwa yizihlahla zibalulekile, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yi-German Institute for Urban Affairs (Difu), izihlahla zasemadolobheni zinganciphisa izinga lokushisa eziqhingini ezishisayo zasemadolobheni ngamazinga afinyelela ku-4°C ngokunikeza umthunzi nokupholisa ngokuhwamuka. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwamagagasi okushisa. Ngokwezimali, i-German Environment Agency (UBA) ilinganisela inani lesihlahla sasemadolobheni esikhathini sokuphila kwaso kuze kufike ku-€50.000, ngokusekelwe ezinsizeni ezifana nokuhlanzwa komoya (kufika ku-100 kg wezinto ezincane ezibophayo minyaka yonke), ukugcinwa kwe-CO₂, kanye nokupholisa. Lezi zibalo ziphinde zicabangele ukwehla kwezindleko zokunakekelwa kwempilo ngenxa yekhwalithi yomoya ethuthukisiwe kanye nokucindezeleka kokushisa okuncishisiwe. Izihlahla ezinqunyiwe zingahlinzeka kuphela ngalezi zinsizakalo ngezinga elilinganiselwe kakhulu noma zingahlinzeki nhlobo, okumelela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho.
Ngokombono wobuhle, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kushiya indawo eyincithakalo. Ucwaningo lwesayensi oluvela eNyuvesi yaseKassel mayelana nombono wohlaza lwasemadolobheni lubonisa ukuthi izihlahla ezisikwe kakhulu zibhekwa njengezingezona ezemvelo futhi ezingamukeleki - kodwa ikakhulukazi ngabantu basemadolobheni. Lokho abanye abakubheka njengophawu lokudelela komuntu imvelo kubonakala kubantu abaningi basemaphandleni “njengokunakekela” okufanelekile: Isihlahla esikhudlwana noma esidala, ikakhulukazi, ngokuvamile sibhekwa njengosongo noma okungenani njengomthombo “wokungcola” okunamaqabunga noma izithelo.
Umkhuba we-topping uvame ukuqhubeka ngenxa yokungazi noma isifiso esicatshangwayo sokulondoloza isikhathi nemali. Nokho, ubufakazi besayensi bubonisa ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla kochwepheshe, njengokukhetha, ukuthena okunemingcele nokuhlola okuvamile, kubiza kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwezihlahla futhi kunciphisa izindleko ezilandelayo ngenxa yezifo noma ukugawulwa kwezihlahla.
Kunesinye isici esibulalayo: Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izinqubo ezibonakalayo zomasipala zikhuthaza abantu abazimele ukuba baphathe izihlahla zabo ngendlela efanayo. Bathatha izenzo zeminyango yemisebenzi yomphakathi noma abahlinzeki besevisi njengemodeli futhi, ngenxa yokungazi, balingise lo mkhuba oyingozi ngokwemvelo nangokomzimba. Lokhu kudala umjikelezo wezinqumo ezimbi ezingaphulwa kuphela ngentando edingekayo, imfundo yabo bonke abathintekayo, nokuqeqeshwa okuqinile kwalabo abenza umsebenzi. Nokho, labo abanomthwalo wemfanelo babonakala bengasinaki lesi sidingo, njengoba bona ngokwabo ngokusobala bengenakho ukuqaphela okudingekile ngenkinga.
Ngakho-ke omasipala akumele bacabange kabusha izindlela zabo kuphela kodwa bafundise umphakathi ngemiphumela engemihle yokugawulwa kwezihlahla. Kuphela ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokulondolozwa kwemiqhele yezihlahla zemvelo lapho izinzuzo zemvelo, ubuhle, nezomnotho zezihlahla zingafezeka ngokugcwele: Izihlahla zingabambisene ababalulekile ekulweni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Isikhathi sokuguqulwa kokunakekelwa kwezihlahla kade sadlula - ngemvelo, isimo sezulu, kanye nezinga lempilo yabantu.
Funda futhi
Amahlathi asemadolobheni anciphisa ukufa okuhlobene nokushisa | I-Pugnalom
Amazwana: Ezindaweni eziningi, izikhala eziluhlaza ziyizingane zokutholwa zokuphatha | I-Pugnalom
