I-Easter, umkhosi wokuzingela amaqanda, ikhumbula umjikelezo wokuphila wezinyoni, amaqanda azo ayizimpawu zokuvuselelwa. Kodwa uma kubhekwa intuthuko yamanje, kuyoze kube nini sisakwazi ukulalela izingoma zama-siskin, ama-finches nama-flycatcher entwasahlobo, umuntu uyamangala, njengoba ezindaweni eziningi, “izinyoni ezivamile” njengama-blackbirds, ama- great tits, amabele aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ondlunkulu, nama- robin sezivele ziba yivelakancane. Ingabe kuzodingeka sivalelise ezinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni eziningi? Ingabe sizokwazi kuphela ukubababaza emidwebeni noma ezithombeni? Ingabe kuyodingeka size sikujwayele ukulahlekelwa kwabo?
Ngeshwa, ukudaya amaqanda akuyona nje isiko lama-Easter kithina bantu. Ubuwazi, isibonelo, ukuthi ama-hoopoe ezinsikazi ( ama-Upupa epops ) nawo adaywa amaqanda awo? I-hoopoe yesifazane ikhipha into ethile endlaleni yayo ye-preen eguqula amaqanda ampunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abe nombala ocebile, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokufukamela. Nokho, lokhu kushintsha kombala akukhona ngezizathu zobuhle, kodwa kufeza injongo ephezulu - ukuvikela amaphuphu. Umbala ukhiqizwa yinhlanganisela yamabhaktheriya e-symbiotic endlaleni ye-preen avikela ama-embryo kumabhaktheriya abangela izifo, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukutheleleka. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yithimba eliholwa nguJuan Soler wase-Spanish Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas Soler lukhombisile ukuthi amabhaktheriya e-symbiotic aqukethwe kudayi asebenza kahle kakhulu ngokumelene ne -Bacillus licheniformis , uhlobo lwamabhaktheriya, phakathi kwezinye izinto, olulimaza izimpaphe.
Kodwa isibonelo se-hoopoe ikakhulukazi sibonisa ukuthi sidinga ngokuphuthumayo ukuphatha indawo yethu yemvelo ngokucophelela okukhulu. I-hoopoe akulona neze uhlobo lwezinyoni okungasekho muntu olubonayo. NgokoHlelo Olubomvu lwamanje, amaphesenti angu-43 ezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingu-259 ezihlala zizalela ezweni lakithi asengozini, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezingu-33 ezibhekwa “njengezisengozini enkulu” kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-14 esezibalwe kakade ‘njengezingasekho noma okucatshangwa ukuthi azisekho. Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili edlule iyodwa, cishe izigidi eziyi-12,7 zamapheya ezinyoni ezizalanayo alahlekile.
Izinhlobo zezindawo zezolimo ezivulekile ziye zathinteka kakhulu, okuhlanganisa i-whinchat ( Saxicola rubetra ), i-lapwing ( Vanellus vanellus ) kanye ne-grey partridge ( Perdix perdix ), lapho inani lazo liye lancipha kakhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwezolimo, ukulahlekelwa amadlelo namadlelo acebile ngezinhlobo kanye nokuncipha komhlaba ongalinyiwe.
Ezolimo zezimboni, ukuguqulwa kwendawo enotshani ibe yizwe elimekayo, ukuvalwa okwandayo komhlaba nemigwaqo yasemaphandleni, ukuminyana kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, ukugwaduleka kanye nokugcwala kwamaconifers ezingadini nasemapaki, nokugcinwa okungalungile nokudlulele kwezindawo eziluhlaza zazo zonke izinhlobo kubangele ukufa kwezinambuzane okungakaze kubonwe emlandweni wesintu futhi okuye kwaphuca ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziye zancisha ukuphila kwazo.
Lapho izinambuzane zintula khona, izinyoni nazo azinawo ukudla. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaba ngu-700 zikhona eYurophu - okuhlanganisa izinyoni ezizalayo, izinyoni ezifudukayo, kanye nezivakashi ezivamile. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zondla amaphuphu azo okungenani ingxenye yezinambuzane. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinyonini eziculayo ( Passeriformes ), ezakha cishe amaphesenti angu-60 kuya kwangu-70 ezinhlobo zezinyoni zaseYurophu: phakathi kwezinhlobo ezingu-400 nezingu-500.
Lokhu kuncika okuqinile kuchazwa yizidingo eziphakeme zamaprotheni zamaphuphu, ahlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo nezinambuzane. Ngisho nezinhlobo ezithanda imbewu noma izithelo uma sezikhulile zikhulisa amatshwele azo kakhulu ezinambuzaneni. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi abacwaningi babona ukwehla kwezinambuzane njengomthombo wokudla wezinyoni ezincane njengesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuncipha kwenani lezinyoni.
Uma ukushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuqhubeka ngaleli zinga, ukulahlekelwa okusakazekile kwemvelo kusongela. Izinyoni ziyizinkomba ezibalulekile zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo futhi zenza imisebenzi ebalulekile kuma-ecosystem. Ukulahleka kwezinhlobo zezinyoni kuthunaza yonke imiphakathi futhi kukhinyabeze imijikelezo yemvelo okuncike kuyo ukuba khona komuntu. EYurophu, inani lezinyoni zasemapulazini liye lehla cishe ngamaphesenti angu-1980 kusukela ngo-60; e-EU, izinyoni eziyizigidi ezingu-600 zilahlekile emashumini amane eminyaka - ukulahlekelwa kwezinyoni ezingaphezu kwe-4.000 ngosuku. Ngokunyamalala ngakunye okuqhubekayo, ulwembu lwempilo luba nezimbotshana, futhi ingozi yokuwohloka kwazo zonke izimiso zemvelo iyakhula.
Ikakhulukazi ngePhasika, lapho kugxilwe ekufuneni nasekutholeni amaqanda, ukuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwabantu nomhlaba wezinyoni kuba sobala kakhulu. Kodwa nakuba sifihlela izingane zethu amaqanda amibalabala futhi sijabulela ukukhula kwazo okunempilo nokuphephile, izinyoni eziningi zikuthola kunzima ukuthola izindawo ezifanelekayo zokuzalela nokudla. Nokho ngamunye wethu angasiza ekulweni nokushabalala kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngisho nebhokisi lezimbali elinamakhambi noma ama-perennials anobungane ezinambuzaneni efasiteleni lingasiza - ingasaphathwa eyokusetshenziswa okuqaphelayo kwezikhala eziluhlaza nezingadi. Labo abagcina uthango lwezihlahla zomdabu, bavikele izihlahla ezindala, babekezelele amakhona asendle, bakhethe ngokucophelela futhi banakekele izitshalo, futhi bakhe iziqephu ezinezimbali otshanini babo bakha izindawo zokuhlala izinambuzane, zona ezingaba ukudla kwezinyoni ezincane. Idizayini yengadi yemvelo, ukugwema izibulala-zinambuzane kanye nomanyolo wokwenziwa, nokunakekelwa okufanele, okuphrofeshinali, nokuthambekele kwezemvelo kuyizinyathelo eziqinile umuntu ngamunye angazithatha ukuze asekele izilwane zomdabu zezinyoni futhi kusivimbele ekubeni sigubhe iPhasika entwasahlobo ethule ngolunye usuku.
Imithombo/ukufunda okwengeziwe
Ama-hoopoe umbala amaqanda awo nge-antimicrobial uropygial secretions | Isayensi Yemvelo
Ukubuya kwe-hoopoe engavamile - kaernten.ORF.at
Ukuvalwa komhlabathi | I-Federal Environment Agency
Izibulala-zinambuzane | I-Federal Environment Agency
Umanyolo | I-Federal Environment Agency
Izindlela zokulima ezilimekayo ziqhuba ukwehla kwenani lezinyoni kulo lonke elaseYurophu | I-PNAS
(PDF) Iqhaza Lezinambuzane Ku-Ecosystems, Ukubuyekezwa Okujulile Kocwaningo Lwezinambuzane
Ingadi yamatshe, ingadi yamatshe kanye nengadi yamadwala - NABU
Ukuwohloka kwezinambuzane, ubungozi bemvelo obuvela emhlabeni wonke - ScienceDirect
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinsongo zokwehla kwenani lezinyoni | I-BirdLife DataZone
Umbiko Wokuhlola Umhlaba Wonke Wezinto Ezihlukahlukene Nezinkonzo Ze-Ecosystem | IPBES unobhala
Isimo semvelo eYurophu: isheke lezempilo | Ikhasi lasekhaya le-European Environment Agency
I-ecology yokusebenzisana kwemvelo yomuntu - i-PMC
