Iikhemikhali ezineklorini ziyinxalenye eyimfuneko kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Nangona kunjalo, i-chlorination, ukufakwa kweklorine kwiikhompawundi, inzima kwaye ihlala iyingozi ebantwini nakwindalo esingqongileyo, kodwa ayinakuphinda ibuyiselwe. Iqela elikhokelwa ngusokhemisti uTanja Gulder ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseSaarland ngoku sele efumene into enokuthi ivule indlela yokucoca i-chlorination ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwiikhompawundi zeekhemikhali, ezifana neeplastiki okanye amayeza - ngenxa ye-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Indlela yabo yapapashwa kwiphephancwadi loNxibelelwano lweNdalo.
Iimveliso ezininzi esizisebenzisayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ziqulethe iiathomu zeklorini, ezibonisa kakhulu iipropati zabo. Zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, ukusuka kwizibulali ntsholongwane kwidama lokuqubha ukuya kwiiplastiki kunye nempahla, kunye namayeza amaninzi. Ubomi bethu banamhlanje abunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwezinto ezine-chlorine. "I-Polyvinyl chloride, i-PVC, ngokomzekelo, ayiyi kubakho ukuba ingenayo i-chlorine," kusho uTanja Gulder, uProfesa we-Organic Chemistry kwiYunivesithi yaseSaarland. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqaliswa kwe-athomu ye-chlorine kwiikhompawundi ezisisiseko, inkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-chlorination, eyimfuneko ekuveliseni izinto ezinjalo zemihla ngemihla, yingxaki enkulu: "Igesi ye-chlorine inetyhefu kuthi, kwaye i-chlorination ngegesi ye-chlorine nayo ayihambelani kakhulu nendalo," kuchaza ikhemistri.
Ngenxa yophando lwakhe, nangona kunjalo, oku kunokutshintsha kwixesha elizayo. U-Tanja Gulder kunye neqela lakhe baye bafumanisa indlela yokucoca iikhompawundi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa igesi yeklorini enetyhefu kunye neyokusingqongileyo. Bajonga i-enzayim esele isaziwa ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu azikhange zijonge indawo elungileyo ye-enzyme. Ukubeka nje, umlingo uyenzeka kwi-enzyme ngexesha le-chlorination, kungekhona apho iingcali zilindele khona.
I-enzyme echaphazelekayo yi-haloperoxidase exhomekeke kwi-vanadium, okanye i-VHPO emfutshane, equkethe i-vanadate, ityuwa ye-element vanadium. "Ezi enzymes zifumaneka ikakhulu kwi-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nomdaka kwaye zinoxanduva 'lokuvumba kwe-algal' xa i-algae ilele elunxwemeni," kuchaza uTanja Gulder. Le enzyme enomdla, njengazo zonke i-enzymes, ineziko elibizwa ngokuba liziko elisebenzayo eliphendula xa i-catalytic reaction iqaliswa - kwimeko ye-algae, i-bromination. Ke ngoko, i-enzyme ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwi-chlorination. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ikhuthazwe ukwenza njalo, njengoko ingenzi njalo ngokwemvelo. "Ukufezekisa oku, wonke umntu uye wahlala ejonge kwiziko elisebenzayo le-enzyme ye-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa akukho mntu usenayo into eyenzekayo. Ngoko ke, asikwazanga ukusebenzisa i-VHPOs ukufumana ezinye iindlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo kwi-chlorine ngegesi ye-chlorine, "utsho uTanja Gulder malunga nemeko yangoku.
"Nangona kunjalo, ngoku siye sahlola ukulandelelana kweeprotheyini ezithile zezi VHPO kunye nee-bioinformatics ezivela kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig kwaye safumanisa into entsha ngokupheleleyo. Okuthakazelisayo kukuba, xa sitshintshisa i-amino acids kwimodeli yekhompyutheni ukuze sinqume ukuba yiyiphi eyona nto ifaneleka kakhulu ukuqalisa i-chlorination, utshintsho kwi-molecule aluzange lwenzeke kwiziko elisebenzayo, "isazinzulu siyachaza. Endaweni yoko, izakhiwo zemolekyuli zatshintsha ngaphandle kweziko elisebenzayo, elalisele ligxininise kwizazinzulu kwihlabathi liphela.
“Ke, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, besijonge indawo engalunganga kwiprotheyini,” utshilo uTanja Gulder. "Le yinto entsha ngokupheleleyo, into esingazange siyibone ngaphambili kolu didi lwe-enzyme," utshilo, evavanya oko kufunyenweyo, ngoku epapashwe kwijenali yoNxibelelwano lweNdalo. "Mhlawumbi inokuthelekiswa nemoto apho utshintsha iiwiper ze-windshield kwaye ngoku inokuhamba nge-150 km / h endaweni ye-300!"
Ngoku ukuba iingcali ziyazi ukuba zijonge phi ukuze zibangele ngokukodwa i-chlorination ye-enzyme ye-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oku kunika ithuba lokuphanda iinkqubo ze-chlorination ezintsha, ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezinokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwegesi ye-chlorine enetyhefu. Xa ivumba leeholide zaselwandle lizalisa umoya kwiifektri zamachiza kwihlabathi jikelele kwixesha elizayo, siya kusazi isizathu.
Ushicilelo lokuqala
Zeides, P., Bellmann-Sickert, K., Zhang, R. et al. Ukutyhila isiseko se-molecular of specificity substrate kunye nokusebenza kwe-halogen kwi-vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases. UNat Commun 16, 2083 (2025)
Funda kwakhona
I-algae enetalente ezininzi: Ngaba zinokusetyenziswa njengomthombo wamandla? | Pugnalom
I-diatoms inokuphelisa ungcoliseko lweekhemikhali kwimizila yamanzi | Pugnalom
