Ukuba amasuntswana eplastiki amancinane angena kwiatmosfera ngumbuzo obalulekileyo, njengoko uphando oluninzi lwakutshanje lubonise ukuba ii-microplastics ezisemoyeni ziyingozi empilweni. Ukusebenzisa imodeli yehlabathi jikelele yokuthutha izinto zekhemikhali, abaphandi baye babonisa ukuba, ngokuchasene namabango angaphambili, ulwandle alukho umthombo omkhulu we-microplastics emoyeni, kodwa kunokuba i-sink ebalulekileyo.
Uthuli lweplastiki lungcolisa okusingqongileyo kwihlabathi liphela: Ii-Microplastics - amasuntswana anobubanzi obungaphantsi kwe-5 mm - anokufunyanwa kungekuphela nje kumhlaba, emanzini, naselwandle, kodwa nakumoya esiwuphefumlayo. Abaphandi bade bafumana ii-microplastics kwingqondo yomntu. Izifundo ziqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba ii-microplastics zibeka emngciphekweni impilo. Ngaphezu koko, ii-microplastics zomoya zifikelela kwiikona ezikude zomhlaba kwaye zihlala apho. Kodwa zingena njani na emoyeni kwasekuqaleni?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, imithombo ye-microplastics isemhlabeni: Oku kubandakanya, umzekelo, iintsinga ezivela kwimpahla yokwenziwa kumanzi amdaka asekhaya okanye ukukrazuka kwamatayara emoto ezindleleni. Uphononongo lwangaphambili lucinge ukuba indlela enkulu ye-microplastics yokungena kwi-atmosfera idlula elwandle: I-Microplastics ihlanjwe ibe yimilambo kwaye ithwalwe elwandle, apho iqokelela khona. Amaqamza omoya adalwe sisitshizi, umoya, kunye namaza anokuthwala amasuntswana eplastiki asuka emanzini aye kwiatmosfera. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha olukhokelwa ngabaphandi beMax Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M) lubonisa ukuba ulwandle lusebenza ngokuyinhloko njengento yokucwina-kwaye kungekhona njengomthombo, njengoko bekucingelwa ngaphambili.
Ingcinga yokuba ulwandle luyimvelaphi yeeplastiki ezincinci zomoya yayisekelwe kwimodeli echaseneyo. Le ndlela ifumana imithombo yento ethile kwiimilinganiselo zokusasazwa kwayo koxinzelelo lomoya. Isetyenziswa kwiiplastiki ezincinci, oku kukhokelele ekucingeni ukuba kukho umthombo wolwandle weeplastiki ezincinci zomoya ezifikelela kwizigidi ezininzi okanye kwaneebhiliyoni ezininzi zeekhilogram ngonyaka. Indlela echanekileyo yokudluliselwa kolu tshintsho yaphandwa kwiimvavanyo zelebhu. Ezi mvavanyo zakhokelela kwisigqibo esahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: ziikhilogram ezimbalwa okanye ikhulu lamawaka kuphela ngonyaka ezazibonakala zinokwenzeka.
Ukusebenzisa imodeli yothutho ye-chemistry ye-atmospheric ye-atmospheric, iqela lophando lwamazwe ngamazwe, kuquka u-Shanye Yang, owayesakuba ngusosayensi otyeleleyo kwi-MPI-M, kunye nenkokeli yeqela le-MPI-M uGuy Brasseur, baphanda ukuba ukucinga komthombo omncinci we-oceanic kukhokelela ekusasazweni kwe-atmospheric ye-microplastics ehambelana nokuqwalaselwa. Umphumo waba mhle: Ulwandle alubonakali lungumthombo, kodwa luyintsika, apho i-15 pesenti yazo zonke ii-microplastics ezisemoyeni zihlala khona.
Uphononongo lukwabonisa indlela ubungakanani be-microplastics egqiba ngayo ukuthutha kwabo kwi-atmosphere: Amasuntswana amakhulu ahlala ngokukhawuleza, mhlawumbi emhlabeni okanye kufuphi nonxweme. Amasuntswana amancinci eplastiki anokuhlala kwiatmosfera kangangesithuba esingangonyaka yaye ngaloo ndlela ahanjiswa emhlabeni jikelele. Umzekelo ubonisa, umzekelo, ukuba iincinci ezincinci - nangona zikhutshwe kumazwekazi - ziyakwazi ukufikelela kwi-Arctic, apho zihlala khona kwiqhwa kunye neqhwa. Oku kubonisa impembelelo yehlabathi ye-microplastics. Iziphumo zophando zinokuzisa izicwangciso zokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Ezi zicwangciso ke ngoko kufuneka zigxile kwimithombo yelizwekazi kunendima yolwandle njengomthombo we-microplastics.
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