Ama-Enzymes adlala indima ebalulekile ezindaweni eziningi: Abalulekile kumetabolism futhi asetshenziswa ezitshalweni, emzimbeni womuntu, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinqubo zezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, cishe amaphesenti angu-20 ama-enzyme aziwayo abonisa umsebenzi oncishisiwe lapho ebhekene nenani eliningi lama-molecule. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-substrate inhibition, singathinta kokubili ukusebenza kahle kwemithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinqubo zezimboni.
Ithimba labacwaningi e-Technical University of Munich (TUM) liphenye izindlela zokuvimbela i-substrate. Ukugxila kwabo bekuyi-enzyme evela esitshalweni sikagwayi ebandakanyeka ekuguquleni izinto ezandulelayo zibe izinto zokuvikela izitshalo. I-enzyme ibopha kokubili ama-molecule kashukela nama-phenol. Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi ukuhleleka ama-molecule abophezela ku-enzyme kubalulekile: Uma i-molecule kashukela ibopha kuqala, ukusabela okufunayo kwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, uma i-phenol ibopha kuqala-futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe ekugxilweni okuphezulu-ukuvinjelwa kwe-substrate kwenzeka, okuvimbela ukwakheka kwezinto ezibalulekile zokuzivikela esitshalweni.
Okunye okutholwe kulolu cwaningo ukuthi i-beta-carotene iyakwazi ukwenza buthaka le nqubo yokuvimbela. Into iqhudelana nama-phenol ezingosini ezibophayo ku-enzyme, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ama-phenol amaningi ukuthi aphazamise umsebenzi we-enzyme. Ezivivinyweni zaselabhorethri, lokhu kuboniswe ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-enzyme.
Imiphumela ivula imibono emisha yocwaningo nokwenza. Izindlela zokunqoba ukuvinjelwa kwe-substrate zingadlala indima enkulu esikhathini esizayo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana nokukhiqiza ukudla, ukuhlanzwa kwezimboni, nokuthuthukiswa kwezidakamizwa. Kodwa-ke, akukacaci ukuthi lokhu kutholwa kusebenza kanjani emhlabeni wonke noma ukuthi ibhalansi phakathi kwezinto ezihlukene ingalawulwa kanjani ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, izifundo ze-TUM zibeka izisekelo ezibalulekile zocwaningo olwengeziwe ekuthuthukiseni izinqubo ze-enzymatic.
Funda futhi
Ukulawula amagciwane ukuzala kwe-jellyfish | I-Pugnalom
