Ngesikhathi lapho ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusongela ukulondeka kokudla, ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bafuna izindlela ezinokwethenjelwa zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu nokushintsha kwamaphethini esizini kungaphazamisa imijikelezo yezolimo evamile, kwenze ubuchwepheshe obulawula isikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo bube yigugu kubalimi emhlabeni wonke.
Ukukhula kwezitshalo kanye nentuthuko yazo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, njengendawo ezungezile, isikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga, kanye nezakhi zofuzo. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile emjikelezweni wokuphila kwezitshalo, futhi izinhlobo eziningi zidinga isikhathi sokuchayeka emakhazeni (noma ukuvuthwa kwehlobo ) ngaphambi kokuqhakaza entwasahlobo. Uma ukuqhakaza kuqala, izitshalo ziphambukisa izakhamzimba emaqabungeni azo ziye ekukhiqizweni kwembewu, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphise inani lokudla okunempilo kwamaqabunga. Nakuba ososayensi beqonda izici eziningi zale nqubo, izindlela ezingaphazamisa ngokwemvelo noma zibuyisele emuva lesi sigaba sangaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali (ukuvuthwa kwehlobo) azikahlolwa kakhulu.
Ngenxa yalesi simo, ithimba locwaningo eliholwa nguSolwazi Osizayo uMakoto Shirakawa waseNara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), eJapane, lihlole isisekelo sama-molecule sokuguquguquka. Bathole uhlobo olusha lwama-molecule amancane, abizwa ngokuthi ama-devernalizer (ama-DVR), angakwazi ukubangela ukuguquguquka ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngokushisa ku- Arabidopsis thaliana eyisibonelo.
Abacwaningi bahlole izinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezingaphezu kwe-16.000 futhi bathola ama-DVR amahlanu avuselele ukubonakaliswa kofuzo lwe-Flower Locus C, umcindezeli oyinhloko wokuqhakaza. Ngokunciphisa izinguquko ezithile eziguquguqukayo ezakhini zofuzo zesitshalo, lawa ma-DVR angabambezela ukuqhakaza ngisho nangemva kokwenziwa kabusha kwesitshalo. Ngokuphawulekayo, amathathu alawa ma-DVR abelane ngezici ezimbili ezibalulekile zesakhiwo—isifunda esifana ne-hydantoin kanye nekhabhoni efana ne-spiro—okutholakale ukuthi kubalulekile kumphumela wokuqeda amandla.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithimba lithole i-DVR compound yesithupha, ebizwa ngokuthi i-DVR06, eyayilula ngokwesakhiwo kodwa yagcina izici ezibalulekile okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonise ukuthi izitshalo eziphathwe nge-DVR06 zibonise ukuqhakaza okulibazisekile ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi emibi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-genome-wide kwembule ukuthi i-DVR06 ithinta isethi ethile yezakhi zofuzo uma kuqhathaniswa nokuguqulwa okubangelwa ukushisa, okugqamisa amandla ayo okulawula ukuqhakaza. " Kwakwaziwa kahle ukuthi izitshalo eziphatha ukushisa ensimini zidinga umsebenzi omningi futhi zibiza kakhulu. Ngakho ngajabula kakhulu lapho sithola ukuthi i-DVR06 inomphumela oqondile kakhulu kunokwelashwa ngokushisa. Leso kwakuyisikhathi lapho sonke isikhathi esasisichithe sikubonisa ekugcineni saphumelela!" kusho uShirakawa.
Ukutholakala kwe-DVR06 kanye nezindlela zayo kungavula indlela yobuchwepheshe obusha bezolimo obuvumela abalimi ukulawula kahle izikhathi zokuqhakaza. Ngokulibazisa ukuqhakaza, izitshalo ezinamahlamvu zingagcina ikhwalithi yazo yokudla isikhathi eside, zandise isivuno futhi zinciphise imfucuza. Ithimba locwaningo lihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwama-DVR, njengoba u-Ito ephawula: “ Sizokwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze sishintshe isakhiwo sama-DVR futhi sakhe ama-compounds anomsebenzi ophezulu kanye nokucacile. Silindele ukuthi imiphumela yalezi zifundo iholele ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusha bokukhiqizwa kokudla okuzinzile endaweni eguquguqukayo yomhlaba wonke.”
Ulwazi lwangemuva
I-Hydantoin , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-imidazolidine-2,4-dione, iyinhlanganisela yemvelo e-heterocyclic eyenzeka kaningi emvelweni. Inhlanganisela yemvelo eyaziwayo enendandatho ye-hydantoin yi-allantoin (5-ureidohydantoin), i-metabolite yokuwohloka kwe-purine etholakala ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni, nasezintweni ezincane. Ezitshalweni, i-allantoin itholakala ikakhulukazi kuma-black salsify, ama-beet, izihlahla ze-maple, i-wheat germ, kanye nasemagxolweni ezihlahla ze-horse chestnut kanye nezimpande ze-comfrey.
Ikhabhoni efana ne-spiro iyi-athomu yekhabhoni exhumanisa amasongo amabili ama-molecule ndawonye futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi i- athomu ye-spiro . Ama-Spiro compounds angama-polycyclic organic molecules lapho amasongo awo axhunyaniswa nge-athomu evamile—ngokuvamile i-athomu yekhabhoni. I-athomu ye-spiro ingaba futhi i-heteroatom njenge-nitrogen noma i-silicon. Ama-compounds anjalo abonakala ngesakhiwo sawo esisontekile futhi angaba yi-carbocyclic noma i-heterocyclic.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
Nana Otsuka, Ryoya Yamaguchi, Hikaru Sawa, Naoya Kadofusa, Nanako Kato, Yasuyuki Nomura, Nobutoshi Yamaguchi, Atsushi J. Nagano, Ayato Sato, Makoto Shirakawa, and Toshiro Ito. "Amangqamuzana Amancane kanye Nokwelashwa Kokushisa Kuhlehlisa Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Epigenetic ku-Arabidopsis." Ijenali: I-Biology Yezokuxhumana
Funda futhi
Amagciwane ezitshalo asongela ukutshalwa kwechickpea eJalimane | I-Pugnalom
I-Symbiosis phakathi kwesitshalo nesikhunta: Amahomoni anquma | I-Pugnalom
