Abacwaningi e-Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology e-Potsdam bathole ukuthi kwenzekani ngempela ebudlelwaneni be-symbiotic lapho isitshalo sikhiqiza amahomoni okucindezeleka. Ucwaningo lwabo lungaba nomthelela ohlotsheni olusha lwezolimo lapho izitshalo nesikhunta zithola khona ukunakwa ngokuhlanganyela.
Ngaphansi kwezinyawo zethu, kucashe ngaphansi komhlaba, kukhona inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi yobudlelwano: Cishe zonke izitshalo zihlala eduze kwe-symbiosis nesikhunta. Lezi sikhunta azenzi imizimba yezithelo zakudala esizazi emahlathini futhi, kwezinye izimo, zijabulela ukudla. Zakha inethiwekhi enamagatsha amaningi emicu emihle, ebizwa nangokuthi i-hyphae, enqamula inhlabathi. Ku-cubic centimeter eyodwa nje yomhlabathi, i-fungal hyphae ingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-100. Nakuba isikhunta esiningi sibola inhlabathi efile, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile ezihlala eduze nezitshalo futhi ezincike emikhiqizweni ye-photosynthetic yezitshalo eziphilayo. Ngokubuyisela, banikeza izitshalo ngamanzi nezakhamzimba zamaminerali. Lolu hlelo lokuhwebelana selube khona amakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka futhi lubalulekile ezitshalweni eziningi zasezweni.
I-Arbuscular mycorrhiza iyindlela esondelene kakhulu yokubambisana lapho isitshalo sinikeza khona i-hyphae yesikhunta ukufinyelela mahhala ezimpandeni zaso ngisho namangqamuzana aso. Phakathi nokuvela kwemvelo, iye yaba enye yezindlela ezisondelene kakhulu phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo. Lobu budlelwano obuseduze phakathi kwezitshalo nesikhunta, lapho amanzi nezakhamzimba kushintshaniswa khona, sekuvele kuhlelwe kusengaphambili kukhodi yazo yezakhi zofuzo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, izitshalo zenqaba ukusebenzisana nesikhunta.
UProf. Caroline Gutjahr nethimba lakhe e-Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology e-Potsdam baphenya ukuthi kwenzekani ezimpandeni zesitshalo lapho singena noma senqaba i-symbiosis nesikhunta. Ukuthola kwabo: Amahomoni nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekusunguleni ubudlelwano ezitshalweni. “Sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-40 sazi ukuthi i-gaseous plant hormone ethylene, ekhiqizwa ezitshalweni ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka okufana nezikhukhula, ivimbela i-symbiosis phakathi kwezitshalo nesikhunta,” kuchaza uGutjahr. "Manje sesifunde ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezenzeka ezitshalweni nokuthi ama-hormone ezitshalo ahlukene asebenzisana kanjani. Ekugcineni siyazi ukuthi kwenzekani lapho izitshalo zinquma noma ngokumelene nalokhu kubambisana ngokukhiqiza i-ethylene."
Ukuhlolwa kwababhali ababili abahamba phambili, uDebatosh Das kanye noKartikye Varshney, kubonise ukuthi, ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, i-ethylene ayibangeli ukuzivikela kusikhunta amasosha omzimba esitshalo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-hormone yesitshalo ikhuthaza ukunqwabelana kwephrotheni elawulayo emaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-SMAX1. Le phrotheni iyakwazi ukucindezela izakhi zofuzo zezitshalo eziningana ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwe-symbiosis. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ezingafaneleki, lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza i-hormone evimbela izakhi zofuzo ze-symbiotic. Ukuthuthukiswa kobudlelwano be-symbiotic kuncishisiwe noma akusavunyelwe. Uma izimo zishintsha, amanye ama-hormone azuza isandla esiphezulu ngaphezu kweprotheni elawulayo, eqala ukuwohloka kwayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela avuselele ubudlelwano be-symbiotic. Isitshalo sivulekele ubambiswano.
Ngokubambisana nethimba likaDavid C. Nelson e-UC Riverside eCalifornia, abalobi bakwazi futhi ukukhombisa ukuthi i-ethylene ikhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwe-SMAX1 ngisho nasezitshalweni ezilahlekelwe ikhono lokwakha ubuhlobo be-symbiotic nesikhunta. Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwalokhu kutholakala kudlulela ngale kwe-plant-fungal symbiosis. Kuyoba okujabulisayo ukuhlola indima yalesi simo ngaphandle kwe-symbiosis esikhathini esizayo.
Ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zilawula kanjani i-symbiosis yazo nesikhunta ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo kunganikeza ulwazi lokuthi zingazalanisa kanjani izitshalo ezakha ubudlelwano obuzuzisayo nesikhunta ngisho nangaphansi kokushintsha kwengcindezi noma izimo zezulu. Lolu lwazi lungasiza, isibonelo, esikhathini esizayo ukunikeza izitshalo amanzi anele nemisoco, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezintsha, kanye nokuvikela isivuno.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
Debatosh Das, Kartikye Varshney, Satoshi Ogawa, Salar Torabi, Regine Hüttl, David C. Nelson & Caroline Gutjahr
I-Ethylene ikhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwe-SMAX1 ukuvimbela i-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
Ezokuxhumana Ngemvelo, Februwari 27, 2025
Funda futhi
Isikhunta sisindisa izitshalo | I-Pugnalom
Isikelemu sisengozini | I-Pugnalom
