Ithimba labacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseMünster liphenye okokuqala ngqa ukuthi ukubhekana namagciwane namasosha anesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni esicushiwe kuthinta kanjani ukuvela kobungozi bamagciwane.
Abantu, njengazo zonke izilwane ezinethambo lomgogodla, banezinhlobo ezimbili zenkumbulo yokuzivikela komzimba: Inkumbulo yesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba etholiwe (evumelana nezimo) ikhethekile kakhulu kumagciwane athile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, okwenza, isibonelo, kube nokwenzeka ukugoma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lokuzivikela komzimba olungaphakathi luhlanganisa "ukuzivikela komzimba okuqeqeshwe," okusabela ngokushesha kodwa hhayi ngokuqondile. Izilwane ezingenamgogodla njengezinambuzane zinesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba engaphakathi kuphela, kodwa nazo zithola uhlobo lokugonywa ngokuxhumana namagciwane ("i-immune priming"). Kuze kube manje, akukho cwaningo oluye lwahlola ukuthi ukuvezwa kwamagciwane kubabungazi abanesistimu yokuzivikela yomzimba evuliwe enjalo kuthinta kanjani ukuvela kobungozi bamagciwane. Ithimba locwaningo eNyuvesi yaseMünster, eliholwa yisazi sezinto eziphilayo esaziyo ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo uSolwazi uDkt. Joachim Kurtz, manje selihlole lokhu okokuqala ngokuvela kokuhlola kwegciwane lezinambuzane ( Bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis ) ezimbungwini zokudla. Okutholakele okukodwa: Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo, ubungozi bezinhlobo ezahlukene zamagciwane bahluka kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlukahluka okukhulu kungasheshisa ukuzivumelanisa kwamagciwane nababungazi bazo.
Ocwaningweni, i-virulence yayiyisilinganiso sokuthi mangaki amabhungane abulawa ukutheleleka kwebhaktheriya. Ngokwesilinganiso, akuzange kushintshe. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuhluka phakathi kwamagciwane kwanda kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane lapho amabhungane ayekade evezwe izinto zebhaktheriya kungase kuhlotshaniswe nomsebenzi onamandla ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-genome yebhaktheriya eguqukile (ama-prophages nama-plasmids).
"Akukhona nje isithakazelo esiyisisekelo ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimo i-virulence yamagciwane ishintsha ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Okutholakele kwethu kuyathakazelisa ngombono wezokwelapha, isibonelo, uma sifuna ukuvimbela amagciwane ukuba abe yingozi kakhulu ngezinqubo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, "kugcizelela umbhali oholayo uDkt. Ana Korša. I-immune priming iphinde ibambe iqhaza elibonakalayo ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla, isibonelo, ezilwaneni zasemanzini, lapho izilwane ezingenamgogodla ezifana nezimfanzi zizaliswa ngobuningi futhi zingenwa kalula yizifo. "Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-bacterium esiyifundayo kanye nobuthi obuyikhiqizayo sekuyisikhathi eside isetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane. Kungabaluleka ukwazi ukuthi inkumbulo yokuzivikela yalezi zinambuzane ingashintsha ubungozi bamagciwane ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo."
Ngokuziphendukela kwemvelo kokuhlolwa kwamabhaktheriya, amabhungane kafulawa atholakala ezintweni ezibangelwa amagciwane (i-immune priming) futhi awavezwa (ukulawula). Babe sebengenwa amagciwane. Ukuze avumele amagciwane ukuba aguquke, ayehlukaniswa namabhungane afile futhi aphinde atheleleke. Umjikelezo waphindwa izikhathi eziningana. Ososayensi babe sebelinganisa ubuvila nezinye izakhiwo zebhaktheriya aguqukile futhi bazifunda ngofuzo. Ngaphezu kwezazi zesayensi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ithimba eliholwa nguProfesa Alexander Mellmann we-Institute of Hygiene e-Faculty of Medicine lalihilelekile.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
UKorša A., uBaur M., uSchulz NKE, u-Anaya-Rojas JM, uMellmann A., uKurtz J. (2025): Ukuvela kokuhlola kwegciwane elibhekene nenkumbulo yokuzivikela komzimba engokwemvelo kwandisa ukuhlukahluka kobungozi . Amagciwane e-PLOS
Funda futhi
Ukulawula amagciwane ukuzala kwe-jellyfish | I-Pugnalom
Amagciwane akhula kancane azwela kakhulu endaweni yawo | I-Pugnalom
