Njengazo zonke izitshalo, izitshalo zikatamatisi zingakwazi ukuzivikela ezinambuzaneni ezidla uhlaza: Lapho zilinyazwa izilwane ezidla ezinye, zikhulula i-peptide systemin esayinayo, ewumgogodla wezindlela zokuzivikela zesitshalo. Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseHohenheim e-Stuttgart manje sebethole ukuthi isignali ye-systemin icutshungulwa kanjani esitokisini. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa i-enzyme enegama eliphawulekayo elithi "poltergeist-like phosphatase" (PLL2). Yenziwa isebenze isignali ye-systemin futhi inesibopho sokukhomba ukusabela kokuvikela. Umsebenzi wenziwa njengengxenye ye-Collaborative Research Center 1101 "I-Molecular Coding of Specific in Plant Processes" ngokubambisana ne-Eberhard Karls University yaseTübingen.
“Izitshalo azikwazi ukubalekela izitha zazo, kodwa azikwazi ukuzivikela njengoba umuntu engase acabange,” kusho uProf. "Ngokuphambene nalokho: Phakathi nesikhathi sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izitshalo zenze uhla lwezindlela zokuzivikela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze zenze ukuphila kube nzima kubahlaseli."
Isazi sokusebenza kwezitshalo sinesithakazelo ikakhulukazi endleleni izitshalo ezibona ngayo ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezibhekana nazo: "Kubalulekile ukuthi isitshalo sazi ukuthi amagciwane, isikhunta, noma izinambuzane, isibonelo. Ngoba ukusabela kwazo kufanele kuhluke ngokufanele." Ngokwesibonelo, lapho zihlaselwa izinambuzane, izitshalo zikhiqiza izinto eziphazamisa ngokukhethekile ukugaya kwezilwane ezizidlayo, ezizivimbela ekusebenziseni izakhi ezizidlayo.
Izitshalo zibona izilwane ezidla ezinye, kanye namagciwane afana namagciwane, amagciwane, noma isikhunta, ngokusekelwe ezicini zesici sazo. Ezinambuzaneni, lawa ngokuvamile ama-molecule athile avela ematheni ezilwane enza kusebenze ukugeleza okuhlukahlukene kokuzivikela esitshalweni.
Ekuqaleni kwale nkathi kukhona ama-molecule akhethekile okubonisa izimpawu njenge-systemin, edlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lokuvikela izitshalo ze-nightshade (i- Solanaceae ): Le molekyuli, eyakhiwe ama-amino acid angu-18, ikhiqizwa amaseli ezitshalo kuphela lapho izibungu zidla amaqabunga, kodwa hhayi lapho ezinye izimbangela zilimaza isitshalo. I-Systemin ilawula kokubili impendulo yezilonda zendawo kanye nokusabela ezicutshini ezikude kakhulu.
Abacwaningi baseHohenheim manje sebebonise okokuqala ukuthi isignali ye-systemin icutshungulwa kanjani esitokisini. I-phosphatase PLL2, eyenziwa isignali ye-systemin isebenze, idlala indima ebalulekile. "Ama-Phosphatase adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni umsebenzi wamaselula: Ngokuhlukanisa iqembu le-phosphate, angakwazi ukwenza ngokuqondile noma ukuvimbela umsebenzi wamanye amaprotheni afana nama-enzyme nama-receptors. Ngale ndlela, izindlela ze-metabolic zihlelwe kahle, "kuchaza u-Rong Li, umfundi odokotela emnyangweni kanye nomlobi oholayo wocwaningo.
Yilokhu kanye okwenziwa yi-PLL2. Ngokuhlukanisa iqembu le-phosphate, kuvimbela amaphampu e-proton kulwelwesi lweseli olulawula i-pH: Indawo ezungezile amaseli ezitshalo iba yi-alkaline kakhulu. Lokhu kwanda kwe-pH kushintsha amandla kagesi kulo lonke ulwelwesi lweseli. Lokhu, futhi, kusebenze izakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ekuzivikeleni okuqondiwe. Abacwaningi bakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka kwe-PLL2 ngokuhlaziya i-phosphoproteome—okungukuthi, wonke amaprotheni anomsebenzi olawulwa amaqembu e-phosphate—nangokwenza izivivinyo ngezitshalo zikatamatisi eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ( i-Solanum lycopersicum ) kanye nezitshalo zikagwayi zase-Australia (i-Nicotiana benthamiana): Izakhi zofuzo ezingenayo i-PLL2 zakhiqiza amakhemikhali okuzivikela ambalwa kakhulu, okwaholela ekukhuleni kwesisindo okusheshayo ezibungwini ze-hornworm kagwayi ( i-Manduca sexta ).
“Ukutholwa kokuthi i-PLL2 idlala indima ebalulekile endleleni yokubonisana kwesistimu kuvula imibono emisha yocwaningo lwezitshalo,” kusho uSolwazi uDkt. Schaller. “Sithemba ukuthi ukuqonda okunembile kwezindlela zokulawula kuzosivumela ukuthi siqinise izindlela zemvelo zokuzivikela zezitshalo – ngenhloso yokulima okusimeme okungenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-chemical agents.”
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41477-025-02040-7
Funda futhi
Isikhunta sisindisa izitshalo | I-Pugnalom
I-pseudoenzyme TSB-like ilawula i-indole biosynthesis ezitshalweni eziqhakaza | I-Pugnalom
