Kumakhemikhali angaba ngu-350.000 atholakala kwezentengiselwano emhlabeni wonke , kuncane okwaziwayo ngawo okungaba yingozi engqondweni futhi okungalimaza ubuchopho, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa. Kuze kube manje, izindlela zokuhlola ezisebenzayo bezingekho, njengoba izindlela ezivamile zidla isikhathi, zibiza kakhulu, futhi zivame ukuhilela ukuhlolwa kwezilwane kumagundane noma emagundwini. Ithimba locwaningo eHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) selisungule indlela yokuhlola ephezulu esebenzisa ama-embryo e-zebrafish ethola imiphumela enobuthi engqondweni ngokushesha, ngendlela engabizi kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezilwane. Abacwaningi babhale phansi imiphumela enobuthi engqondweni ye-chlorophene yamakhemikhali futhi bachaza izindlela eziyisisekelo zama-molecule.
Le ndlela isebenzisa imibungu ye-zebrafish, enezakhi zofuzo ezicishe zifane nezabantu, okwenza imiphumela ingase idluliseke. Ubukhulu obuncane kanye nokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemibungu yezinhlanzi kubenza bafaneleke ukuhlolwa okuphezulu okunikeza ukuqonda emsebenzini wesimiso sezinzwa. Abacwaningi baphenye izinqubo zokufunda nezenkumbulo ngokuzijwayeza ukuze kube nezisusa eziphindaphindayo. Isivuseleli se-acoustic noma esibukwayo siqala sicuphe i-startle noma i-flight reflex, eyehla lapho iphindaphinda lapho isivuseleli sibonwa njengesingenangozi. Izinto ze-neurotoxic zingashintsha lokhu kujwayela ngokubangela unomphela i-reflex noma ukusheshisa inqubo yokujwayela.
Ithimba liqale lahlola izinto ezaziwayo ukuze lithole amaphethini okuziphatha angabonisa ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa. Babe sebehlola izinto eziyishumi ezithinta uhlelo lwe-NMDAR receptor, olubalulekile ekufundeni nasekukhumbuleni. Izinto eziyisithupha zibonise imiphumela ye-neuroactive, ikakhulukazi i-chlorophene, i-biocide eyavimba ukujwayela kokushukunyiswa kwe-acoustic futhi yavimbela izinto ezibonwayo ekuzibangeleni—into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-paradoxical excitation, eyenzeka ngezidakamizwa ezithile.
Ukuhlola okwengeziwe kubonise ukuthi i-chlorophene isebenza ngama-GABAA receptors, alawula ukuziphatha ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe izifundo zamagundane nezinzwa zomuntu kanye namamodeli wekhompyutha. Enye indlela yokusebenza ye-chlorophene ephazamisa ukuziphatha kokufunda ingase yenzeke ngeziteshi ze-potassium, njengoba kuphakanyiswe ukuhlolwa nge-flupirtine ye-painkiller, eyaveza amaphethini okuziphatha afanayo.
Indlela yokuhlola inikeza ithuba lokuhlola amakhemikhali nezingxube zemiphumela ye-neurotoxic ngezinga elikhulu, ukuhlonza izingozi kusenesikhathi, kanjalo kuvikelwe abantu nendawo ezungezile. Isekela i-EU Chemicals Strategy kanye ne-European Green Deal ngokuhlonza izinto eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuthi zidale ukulimala. Ucwaningo luqinisa ukuzethemba kudatha ye-zebrafish ngokubonisa ukuthi izindlela zokwenza ziyahambisana ku-zebrafish, igundane, namamodeli abantu futhi zingavala igebe ekuhlolweni kwe-neurotoxicity ukuze kuvikelwe kangcono impilo yomuntu.
Ukushicilelwa kwangempela
David Leuthold, Nadia K. Herold, Jana Nerlich, Kristina Bartmann, Ilka Scharkin, Stefan J.
U-Hallermann, u-Nicole Schweiger, u-Ellen Fritsche, u-Tamara Tal: I-phenotyping ye-multi-havioral in early-life-stage zebrafish yokuhlonza abaphazamisi bokufunda okungahlangene; Imibono Yezempilo Yezemvelo, https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP16568
Funda futhi
