Izingane e-US ziya ngokuya zichayeka ekungcolisweni komoya okuvela emsini womlilo wasendle ovame kakhulu, ngokusho kocwaningo olusha lukazwelonke. Ezinye izikole nezikhungo zokunakekela izingane zilwela ukugcina umoya uhlanzekile ezindaweni zazo zangaphakathi. Ucwaningo, olushicilelwe ku-"Environmental Research," luhlole idatha yekhwalithi yomoya yase-US kusukela ngo-2006 kuya ku-2023 (DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125883).
“Inani elimaphakathi lezinsuku lapho abantu bebhema khona ngentuthu ezikoleni zomphakathi likhuphuke lisuka ku-6,8 laya ku-54,4 phakathi kokuqala nokuphela kwesikhathi sokufunda,” kusho umlobi-mbhali uMolly Kile wase-Oregon State University. Ezikhungweni zokunakekela izingane, inani likhuphuke lisuka ku-9,4 laya ku-112,2. “Sekukonke, izingane zethu zivezwa emoyeni ongcoliswe yintuthu izinsuku eziyizigidigidi minyaka yonke.” Idatha evela eNational Interagency Fire Center ethathe amashumi amane eminyaka ibonise ukuthi nakuba inani lemililo yasendle ngonyaka lihlala lizinzile cishe ku-70.000, ukuqina kwayo kanye nendawo eshisiwe kukhuphukile.
Nakuba imililo eminingi kanye nentuthu enkulu kuvame ukwenzeka eNtshonalanga, lokhu kuyinkinga kazwelonke, kugcizelela uKile. Izinto ezincane zithuthwa amakhulu ziye ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha, futhi umoya ovamile uvunguza usuka entshonalanga uye empumalanga. I-PM2,5 ingaphefumulwa ijule emaphashini futhi ingene ngisho nasegazini; iyimbangela eyaziwayo yesifo senhliziyo futhi ihlotshaniswa nezifo zokuphefumula. Ngenxa yokuthi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lukhulisa ingozi yemililo yasendle, imililo yasendle manje ibangela cishe ingxenye yayo yonke i-PM2,5 ekhishwa e-U.S., okuphazamisa ukuthuthuka kwekhwalithi yomoya ezindaweni eziningana.
“Sivame ukutshelwa ukuthi sihlale ezindlini ngezikhathi zokungcoliswa komoya okukhulu, kodwa ukuba ngaphakathi akuqinisekisi umoya ohlanzekile,” kusho uKile. Ukulinganisa kubonise umehluko omkhulu endleleni izakhiwo ezivikela ngayo abahlali bazo ezinhlayiyeni ezivela ngaphandle. “Kwezinye izikole, amazinga e-PM2,5 ngaphakathi ayephezulu ngezinsuku lapho kunentuthu enkulu kunezilinganiso ezithathwe ngaphandle eduze.” Lokhu kuyimiphumela engaba wusizo kakhulu futhi kugcizelela isidingo sokutshala imali ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi—ngokuthuthukisa i-HVAC ebizayo noma izihlungi ze-HEPA eziphathwayo ezingabizi kakhulu.
Umlobi ohambisanayo uStephanie Foster ukhombe ukuthi izikole nezikhungo zokunakekela izingane ziyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuvikela impilo yezingane ngoba izingane zichitha isikhathi esiningi lapho. "Sithole ukuthi izakhiwo lapho izingane zichitha khona ingxenye enkulu yosuku lwazo azizivikeli njalo ekungcolisweni komoya." Kodwa-ke, izikhungo zemfundo ziyizindawo lapho izinhlelo zokuvimbela ezihlanganisiwe, ukuhlunga umoya, ukuqapha umoya wangaphakathi, kanye nokulungiswa kwemisebenzi ngezinsuku zokubhema kunganciphisa ukuvezwa. Ngaphezu kukaFoster noKile, u-Andrew Larkin, uMegan MacDonald, uMegan McClelland, noPerry Hystad abavela e-OSU College of Health, kanye noParichehr Salimifard abavela e-OSU College of Engineering, banikele kulolu cwaningo. Umsebenzi uxhaswe yiNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.
