Ezolimo, amadamu, kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ezolimo kuyizinto ezisongela kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yiMcGill University, iYurophu kanye neNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika yizona zifunda ezithinteke kakhulu. Imiphumela yanyatheliswa ku-"Science" (DOI: 10.1126/science.aeb7910).
Abacwaningi basebenzise indlela yokumapha eyayisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ezinhlotsheni zasemhlabeni ukuze bathole ukuthi izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile zisongelwa kuphi nokuthi yiziphi izenzo zabantu ezibonakala ziyimbangela. “Ngesikhathi lapho izinhlaka zezinhlobo eziphilayo zomhlaba wonke zisengozini yokungazinaki izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile, la mamephu asinikeza isisekelo esisha, esiqondene ngqo namanzi ahlanzekile okulondolozwa,” kusho umbhali oholayo uChristophe Brabant. Lokhu kubalulekile kuwo wonke umuntu, hhayi nje izazi zezinto eziphilayo, ngoba izinhlelo zamanzi ahlanzekile zinikeza izinsizakalo wonke umuntu athembele kuzo - amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, izinqwaba zezinhlanzi, ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula, nokuningi.
Besebenzisa idatha evela ku-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, ithimba lidwebe imiphumela yezinsongo ezingu-45 ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kuka-21.000 ezivela emaqenjini amahlanu abalulekile ezilwane zamanzi ahlanzekile: izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izinhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, kanye nezimpukane. Lokhu kwaholela kumamephu angu-225 abonisa umthelela wesongo ngasinye eqenjini ngalinye, abese ehlanganiswa abe yinkomba iyonke. Abacwaningi base beqhathanisa okutholakele nemephu yangaphambili yesongo somhlaba wonke yezilwane ezinomgogodla zasemhlabeni futhi bathola ukuthi izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile zibhekene nezinsongo ezinkulu futhi zabonisa amaphethini ahlukene endawo.
Izinsongo ezinkulu zashintsha kuye ngeqembu lezinhlobo: Izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezinye izinambuzane, njengezimpukane, zisongelwa kakhulu yimisebenzi yezolimo, kuyilapho izilwane ezihuquzelayo nezilwane ezincelisayo zisongelwa ukuzingela. Izinhlobo zamanzi ahlanzekile ziye zanganakwa kakhulu ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini noma zicatshangelwe kuphela ngokombono wokusetshenziswa kwabantu kunokulondolozwa kwezinhlobo, yize izindawo eziningi zamanzi ahlanzekile ahlukahlukene kakhulu nazo zingaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo lungolokuqala ukusungula uhlaka oluhlanganisiwe lwezindawo zomhlaba nezamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokuqhathanisa izinsongo kulesi silinganiso.
Ucwaningo lwesikhathi esizayo kufanele lucacise ngokunembile ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo nezindawo okufanele zibekwe phambili ukuze zivikeleke, kusho umbhali omkhulu uLars Lønsmann Iversen. “Uma sithola izindawo okufanele zivikelwe futhi sazi ukuthi zingaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu noma zibhekene nezinsongo eziphezulu, lokhu kungasiza ekunqumeni izinyathelo ezidingekayo.” Ngaphezu kweBrabant ne-Iversen, uLaura Pollock, uJonas Geldmann, uMette Bendixen, uLise Comte, uHarith Farooq, uKatherine Hébert, uBernhard Lehner, noCatherine A. Sayer banikele kulolu cwaningo. Luxhaswe yiFonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologie, iNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, iNew Frontiers in Research Fund, iDanish Independent Research Council, kanye neVillum Center for Global Mountain Biodiversity.
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