Iqela lophando elivela kwi-Max Planck Institutes for Evolutionary Anthropology, i-Cognitive Neuroscience Centre uMarc Jeannerod (CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1) kunye neZiko loPhando lwe-Neuroscience (CNRS / Inserm / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1) eLyon barekhoda amawaka e-chimpanzes yase-Ivory Coast, i-Ivory Coast yase-Ivory Coast uphando ngemigaqo etshintsha ngayo iintsingiselo xa iminxeba idityanisiwe ibe yindibaniselwano yeefowuni ezimbini.
Abantu kuphela kwezilwanyana eMhlabeni ezisebenzisa ulwimi. Oku bakwenza ngokudibanisa izandi ukwenza amagama namagama ukwenza izivakalisi, beyila inani elingenasiphelo leentsingiselo. Le nkqubo isekelwe kwimigaqo yolwimi emisela indlela intsingiselo yezandi eqondwa ngayo kwizakhiwo zezivakalisi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "inkawu" linokudityaniswa namanye amagama ukwenza izivakalisi ezixubileyo apho intsingiselo yongezwa: "Inkawu idla," okanye ukwandisa intsingiselo: "inkawu enkulu," okanye ukwenza izivakalisi ze-idiomatic ezingaxutywanga ezenza intsingiselo entsha ngokupheleleyo: "ukuba yinkawu." Inxalenye ephambili yolwimi sisintaksi, emisela indlela ulandelelwano lwamagama oluchaphazela ngayo intsingiselo, umzekelo, indlela "ukuba yinkawu" kunye "nenkawu" zineentsingiselo ezahlukeneyo.
Umbuzo osisiseko wophando kukuba eli khono lingaqhelekanga lolwimi livela phi. Ukuze kuhlolwe imvelaphi yolwimi lwabantu, kusetyenziswa indlela yokuthelekisa, ukuthelekisa izandi zezinye izilwanyana, ingakumbi iiprimates, nezo zabantu. Ngokungafaniyo nabantu, ezinye iiprimates zihlala zisebenzisa izandi ezi-single (ezibizwa ngokuba "ziintlobo zee-call"), kwaye nangona ezinye iintlobo zidibanisa izandi ezi-single, kukho indibaniselwano ezimbalwa kuphela ngohlobo ngalunye, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulumkisa izilwanyana ezizingelayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zazo zonxibelelwano zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukuba zingathathwa njengeziphambili kwinkqubo edibeneyo nevulekileyo yolwimi lwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba asinawo umfanekiso opheleleyo wezakhono zolwimi zezalamane zethu ezisondeleyo, ingakumbi indlela abanokusebenzisa ngayo indibaniselwano yee-call ukwandisa kakhulu intsingiselo yabo.
Abaphandi abavela kwi-Max Planck Institutes for Evolutionary Anthropology kunye ne-Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences e-Leipzig, kunye ne-Cognitive Neuroscience Centre uMarc Jeannerod (CNRS / Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1) kunye neZiko loPhando lwe-Neuroscience (CNRS / Inserm / i-Université ye-Claudeon ye-Claudeon yaseClaudeon, irekhodi le-1 lewaka le-Claude Lyon, i-Claude Bernard Lyon XNUMX). amazwi avela kumaqela amathathu eetshimpanzi ezihlala ngokukhululekileyo eTaï National Park eCôte d'Ivoire. Baphanda ukuba intsingiselo yee-chimpanzee ezahlukeneyo ezilishumi elinesibini itshintsha njani xa zidityanisiwe ngababini.
"Ukudala iintsingiselo ezintsha okanye ezixubileyo ngokudibanisa amagama luphawu lolwimi lomntu. Ukucacisa imvelaphi yolwimi lomntu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuphanda ukuba izihlobo zethu ezisondeleyo eziphilayo, i-chimpanzee kunye ne-bonobos, zinamandla afanayo," kusho uCatherine Crockford, umbhali okhokelayo wokufunda. "Ukurekhoda amazwi eetshimpanzi kwiminyaka emininzi kwindawo yazo yendalo kubalulekile ukuba kubhalwe ngokupheleleyo amandla azo onxibelelwano. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwanda kwesongelo kwi-chimpanzee yabantu, oku kuya kuba nzima," kusho uRoman Wittig, umbhali-mbhali wesifundo kunye nomlawuli weProjekthi yeTaï Chimpanzee.
Uphononongo luchaza iindlela ezine iitshimpanzi ezitshintsha ngayo iintsingiselo xa zidibanisa umnxeba omnye kwiifowuni ezidityanisiweyo ezili-16—ezifana nemigaqo engundoqo yolwimi lwabantu. Iichimpanzi zasebenzisa zombini intsingiselo-yokuzalisekisa (umzekelo, A = ukutya, B = ukuphumla, AB = ukutya + ukuphumla) kunye nokucacisa intsingiselo (umzekelo, A = ukutya okanye ukuhamba, B = ubundlobongela, AB = ukunyakaza) indibaniselwano. Kwakhona basebenzise indibaniselwano ye-idiomatic engeyiyo i-compound idiomatic indibaniselwano eyenza iintsingiselo ezintsha ngokupheleleyo (umzekelo, A = ukuphumla, B = okungokwakho, AB = isakhiwo sendlwane). Okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokuchaseneyo nezifundo zangaphambili, ezichaza ubukhulu becala imidibaniso yomnxeba kwimeko elinganiselweyo, njengokudibana namarhamncwa, iichimpanzi kolu phononongo zandise irepertoire ye-semantic yeefowuni zazo ngokudibanisa uninzi lweefowuni zabo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeminxeba kunye nokusebenzisa oku kuluhlu olubanzi lweemeko.
"Iziphumo zethu zikhomba inkqubo yonxibelelwano lwezwi oluvelisa kakhulu, olungazange lubonwe ngaphambili kwizilwanyana, eziqinisekisa iziphumo zakutsha nje kwi-bonobos ukuba izakhono ezidityanisiweyo zazisele zikhona kwizinyanya eziqhelekileyo zabantu kunye nezi ntlobo zimbini zenkawu," utshilo uCédric Girard-Buttoz, umbhali ophambili wophononongo. Uyongezelela: "Oku kutshintsha imbono yenkulungwane edluleyo, eyayithatha unxibelelwano olukhulu lwenkawu ukuba lumile kwaye lubotshelelwe kwiimeko zeemvakalelo, kwaye ke kucingelwa ukuba akunakusixelela nto malunga nendaleko yolwimi. Endaweni yoko, ngoku sibona ubungqina obucacileyo bokuba uninzi lweentlobo zefowuni kwi-repertoire inokwahluka okanye yandise intsingiselo yazo xa idityaniswa nezinye iindidi zefowuni. Ukuntsonkotha kwale nkqubo kubonisa nokuba unxibelelwano lwe-hominid lunonxibelelwano lwethu oluqhelekileyo, olusele lune-complex yonxibelelwano yethu yokugqibela. ezona zalamane ziphilayo zisondeleyo—okanye siye sakujongela phantsi ukuntsonkotha konxibelelwano nakwezinye izilwanyana, nto leyo efuna uphando olungakumbi.”
Ushicilelo lokuqala
Cédric Girard-Buttoz, Christof Neumann, Tatiana Bortolato, Emiliano Zaccarella, Angela D. Friederici, Roman M. Wittig, Catherine Crockford
Ukusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokudibanisa iminxeba yeetshimpanzi kukhuthaza ukwanda kwentsingiselo
Ukuqhubela phambili kwezeNzululwazi, nge-09 Meyi 2025
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